Let’s be honest, if you’re here, you’ve probably typed “what is CPA” into Google more than once. And no wonder. Everyone in accounting and finance circles seems to be talking about it. The CPA full form is Certified Public Accountant, and it’s more than just three fancy letters after your name.
In 2025, being a CPA is like having an international stamp of credibility, one that can take you from a cubicle in Mumbai to a boardroom in New York.
A CPA is a passport that travels with you. It’s the professional equivalent of speaking English in business, a universal language that Big 4 firms, Fortune 500 companies, and even tech-driven startups understand and value.
CPA Full Form and Why It Matters
The full form of CPA is Certified Public Accountant, a credential that sits at the top of the accounting profession. A CPA, offered by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), is a licensed professional who goes beyond preparing accounts or filing taxes. This certification comes with an international repute.
CPAs are trained and authorised to review financial statements, ensure compliance with complex regulations, and advise leadership teams on tax structures and regulatory strategy. As the blog unfolds, we will learn in greater depth how a CPA maintains a stronger hold on the financial governance of any organisation.
What sets CPAs apart from other accountants is the scope of their responsibility. While a major chunk of finance professionals manage day-to-day bookkeeping or reporting, CPAs are trusted with oversight. The role carries a legal and ethical weight because businesses, auditors, and even governments depend on this certification.

This explains why CPAs are consistently hired across industries like investment banking, consulting, insurance, technology, energy, and healthcare.
Interesting Fact! Wherever governance, transparency, and strategic financial planning are non-negotiable, CPAs become the professionals of choice.
Who Can Become a CPA?
A frequent question I hear from Indian students is: “What is CPA eligible?” The eligibility puzzle can feel confusing at first. Worry not, let’s break it down!
In the US, CPA candidates need 120–150 semester credit hours, which roughly translates to a bachelor’s plus some additional coursework.
For Indians, this usually means:
- A bachelor’s in commerce or accounting as a starting point
- Sometimes a master’s degree or a bridge course is required to meet credit requirements
- And yes, some states demand 1–2 years of work experience before licensing
Licensing Specifics for a CPA
- A CPA license is issued by a state board, not by a federal authority. Consequently, requirements vary by jurisdiction.
- However, once you’re licensed, CPAs benefit from reciprocity agreements. It will enable you to practice across states without redundancy in examinations.
- This means that if you’re a licensed CPA in one U.S. state, other states will usually recognise that license.
Global Outlook Towards CPA
- According to NASBA, there are over 650,000 licensed CPAs worldwide, and non-US candidates represent a growing share of new entrants, with India among the top five feeder markets.
- This globalisation of the CPA talent pool underlines both its demand and its portability.
- It is worth noting that now CPAs are increasingly moving beyond traditional audit and taxation into advisory, ESG reporting, and digital finance transformation roles. Multinationals want professionals who can interpret numbers not just for compliance, but for strategy
CPA Recognition in India
- The CPA is a US qualification, but its relevance in India is pronounced in multinational organisations, Big 4 consulting, and global capability centres.
- While it does not provide statutory signing authority under Indian law (reserved for Chartered Accountants), it is sought after for expertise in US GAAP, IFRS, Sarbanes–Oxley compliance, and cross-border taxation.
- In practice, CPAs are more often positioned alongside or above local CAs when global reporting or SEC-related compliance is involved.
The catch? Each US state sets its own rules. That’s why Indian aspirants often rely on institutes like Imarticus, which help align your background to the right state board.
Not sure if your current degree makes you eligible for CPA?
Check your eligibility with Imarticus Learning’s academic advisors
Here’s a snapshot of what you can expect from a CPA!
CPA Syllabus – What You’ll Actually Study
The CPA Program definitely takes you beyond balance sheets. You get to understand the why behind the numbers.
Why do companies recognise revenue in a certain way?
Why do certain tax treatments exist? and
Why do auditors push back on “creative” accounting?
The CPA exam is globally respected because it measures how effectively candidates can apply concepts in real business contexts. It is rigorous, but designed in a way that rewards discipline, preparation, and professional judgment.
| Section | Focus Area | Duration | |
|
Core Sections (Mandatory for All)
| AUD (Auditing & Attestation) | Audit Methodology Risk Evaluation Internal Controls Professional Ethics | 4 hours |
| FAR (Financial Accounting & Reporting) | GAAP IFRS Financial Statements | 4 hours | |
| REG (Regulation) | US Taxation Business Law | 4 hours | |
|
Discipline (choose 1)
| BAR (Business Analysis & Reporting) | Financial Planning Management Reporting Advanced Data Interpretation |
4 hours
|
| ISC (Information Systems & Controls) | IT Governance Cybersecurity Risk Management System Controls | ||
| TCP (Tax Compliance & Planning) | Advanced Taxation Entity Planning International Tax Structures | ||
Curious which discipline suits your career path?
Speak to an Imarticus CPA mentor and align your choice with your goals.
CPA Exam Format: What to Expect
The CPA exam isn’t just about memorisation – it’s about application under pressure. Each section blends three testing methods:
- Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs): Test foundational and technical knowledge.
- Task-Based Simulations (TBS): Complex scenarios requiring analysis, interpretation, and problem-solving.
- Written Communication Tasks: Short, business-style responses to test professional communication.
According to NASBA (2025), over 60% of CPA candidates consider simulations to be the exam’s toughest yet most valuable component – closely mimicking real corporate challenges.
Why this matters: The format ensures CPAs demonstrate more than textbook skills; they prove they can think like professionals in high-stakes scenarios where companies rely on their judgment.
CPA Exam Duration and Scheduling Flexibility
The CPA exam looks long on paper, but its flexibility puts control in the candidate’s hands.
- Each Section: 4 hours
- Total Duration: 16 hours across 4 sections
- Sequence: Candidates choose the order of their exams.
- Testing Windows: Continuous testing model available in 2025 across approved regions.
This system means I can:
- Build momentum by tackling easier sections first.
- Spread exams over 12–18 months or compress them into as little as one year.
- Balance study with work, internships, or academic commitments.
In fact, the AICPA announced in 2025 that the rolling schedule boosted candidate success rates, since flexible pacing reduces burnout.
CPA Exam Scoring System Explained
Passing the exam requires a scaled score of 75 out of 99. Contrary to popular belief, that doesn’t mean 75%! The scoring system is weighted.
| Question Type | Weighting | Why It Matters |
| MCQs | Moderate | Tests broad technical knowledge |
| Simulations (TBS) | High | Rewards applied, analytical reasoning |
| Written Tasks | Lower | Confirms communication skills |
In 2024, CPA exam section pass rates ranged between 44% and 63% (AICPA). This consistency reinforces the exam’s reputation for rigor and prestige.
In 2025, discussions in the profession highlight that the exam may gradually emphasise scenario-based decision-making even more, keeping CPAs relevant as advisors in a data-driven world.
Get a detailed breakdown of the exam module here in the ‘Uniform CPA Examination® Blueprints’ approved by AICPA Board of Examiners.
CPA Exam Updates for 2025 and Beyond
2025 marks the CPA Evolution Era – a shift reshaping the future of the profession.
Key updates to the CPA exam from 2025 onward:
- More focus on data analytics and system controls.
- Introduction of advanced compliance and advisory-related questions.
- Pilot inclusion of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) topics in review materials.
This aligns with forecasts predicting that by 2030, CPAs will:
- Provide assurance on AI-generated outputs.
- Evaluate global digital compliance frameworks.
- Advise corporations on ESG and sustainability standards across borders.
The CPA credential is no longer just about accounting; it’s now a gateway to business leadership, risk advisory, and technology-driven decision-making.
More Insights to Explore:
- CPA Books: Your Ultimate Guide to US CPA Certification
- Preparing for CPA Exams: A Step-by-Step Guide
- How to Pass CPA Exams While Working Full-Time
What is CPA salary?
The Most Awaited Question – CPA Salary. Let’s cut straight to the chase!
Or more importantly, What is the salary of a CPA in India?
When people ask me about the CPA, I can tell their concern is whether the return matches the grind. It’s a fair question. If you’re putting in the hours, the money has to make sense.
In India, the numbers usually fall between ₹9–17 LPA, depending on your background and the company you join. What stands out is that even fresh CPAs are often slotted into roles that pay above many entry-level CA positions. The reason is simple – firms here need professionals who can work comfortably with US GAAP, IFRS, and cross-border tax. That skill set is scarce, and scarcity drives value.
In the US, salaries look very different. A CPA salary there typically ranges from $70,000 to $120,000 a year, and can go higher once you move into advisory or senior finance roles. To put that into perspective, those numbers are well above the national median for finance jobs, which is why the credential is so aggressively pursued.
Global firms need professionals fluent in US GAAP and taxation. And Indian CPAs often get fast-tracked in Big 4 promotions because they fill that gap.
CPA vs CA vs ACCA vs CFA
Here’s the big comparison everyone loves to debate. What is the difference between CPA and CA? And where do ACCA and CFA fit in?
| Comparison Point | CPA | CA | ACCA | CFA |
| Global recognition & mobility | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| India’s statutory signing authority | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Strong in US GAAP & SEC reporting | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Strong in IFRS & international accounting | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
| Audit & attestation authority worldwide | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
| Government & non-profit accounting relevance | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
| Corporate finance, FP&A & controllership roles | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
| US & international taxation expertise | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
| IT governance, SOX & internal controls | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
| Forensic & investigation exposure | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
| Core focus on investment, equity, markets | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔️ |
| Advisory & consulting suitability | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| High demand in GCCs/Big 4 (India) | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
| Easy cross-border reciprocity | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| Typical duration ≤ 18 months | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
| Flexible modular testing | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| Case-study-based exam simulations | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| Written communication tested in exam | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| Eligibility barrier (credits/degree) | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| Cost-effectiveness (relative) | ❌ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
| Management reporting & BI emphasis | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ❌ |
| Tech, data & analytics focus | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| Year-round exam scheduling | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| Portability of the license globally | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| Strong acceptance in the Middle East | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| Strong acceptance in Europe | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| Strong acceptance in the US | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ | ✔️ |
| Salary uplift vs non-qualified peers | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ | ✔️ |
| Beginner-friendly for non-finance grads | ✔️ | ❌ | ✔️ | ❌ |
| Option to specialise (disciplines) | ✔️ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
If you see your career staying India-focused, CA is unbeatable. But if your dream includes MNCs, global roles, or working abroad, CPA is your ticket.
Still weighing CPA against other finance credentials?
Join an Imarticus masterclass on choosing the right professional path.
To put it plainly, the value of a CPA doesn’t lie only in the salary or the job title. Those are outcomes, yes, but they’re not the essence. What the credential truly gives you is credibility – and in finance, credibility is currency.
Benefits of a CPA
You see, in a boardroom, whenever this phrase is uttered, “these financials have been reviewed by a CPA,” it isn’t just a line on a slide. It is a signal to investors, regulators, and even to your peers that the numbers have passed through the lens of someone licensed to uphold the highest standards of financial scrutiny.
That stamp changes the conversation. It builds trust in a way no slide deck can.
For professionals, credibility compounds. It opens doors that pure technical skill often cannot. Over the years, I’ve seen how CPA translates into:
- Better Roles: CPAs are often shortlisted for senior finance positions, even ahead of peers with comparable experience, because the credential immediately validates competence. The Big 4, MNCs, and consulting giants still default to CPA when hiring for leadership roles in reporting and compliance.
- Faster Promotions: Career trajectories tend to accelerate post-CPA. A recent report by the AICPA noted that CPAs reach managerial positions almost two years earlier on average than their non-CPA peers [AICPA, 2023].
- Cross-Border Mobility: With global firms increasingly aligning to US GAAP and IFRS, the CPA becomes a passport of sorts. I’ve personally known colleagues who moved from India to Singapore or the US, leveraging the CPA as their ticket to international assignments.
- Professional Respect: There’s a subtle shift once you add “CPA” next to your name. Colleagues, clients, and even regulators interact differently – because they know you’ve cleared one of the most demanding professional filters in the world.
To me, this is why CPA is worth it: not just because it pays well, but because it carries a permanence of respect. Job titles change, firms change, industries evolve, but once you’re a CPA, that credibility stays with you for life.
How the CPA Exam Tests You
If you’re expecting the CPA to be a memory game, you’ll be in for a surprise. This exam is built differently. It’s less about “What does the rule say?” and more about “Can you apply the rule when the situation is messy?”
Take the Auditing section, for instance. You’re dropped into case-style scenarios where internal controls are weak or fraud risk is lurking, and you have to decide what an auditor should actually do next. In the Regulation section, it isn’t enough to know tax codes; you’re tested on how to weigh competing treatments in real-life business contexts.
This structure is intentional. The AICPA has designed the exam to mirror the kind of judgment calls CPAs make daily. That’s why the format blends multiple-choice questions with task-based simulations and even written communication. You’ll draft memos, evaluate scenarios, and prove you can think like a professional.
What I appreciate most is that this exam rewards preparation, discipline, and the ability to think through ambiguity. And that’s precisely why the credential carries so much weight.
💡 Looking to know what real exam prep feels like? Our CPA program includes mock simulations designed to replicate the exact AICPA testing environment – so you can experience the challenge before you face the real thing.
CPA in India – The Real Story
Is CPA worth it in India? I’d say yes – but not in the way a headline might make it sound. The truth is a little more layered.
In India, the CPA is not going to replace the CA. You won’t suddenly get signing rights here just because you cleared the exam. That’s not what the credential is for. Its power lies elsewhere – in the multinational world that India now sits at the centre of. Think Big 4 firms handling US audits out of Bengaluru. Think global capability centres in Hyderabad or Pune, churning out consolidated financials for Fortune 500 boards. These are places where a CPA is not just useful, it’s expected.
The flip side? It’s a grind.
You’ll find yourself switching between US GAAP and the Companies Act, between federal tax rules and GST. The exam itself isn’t cheap either. Many candidates stumble on eligibility requirements, especially if their undergrad degree doesn’t rack up the right credit hours. These are realities you should know before you commit.
But here’s the payoff!
I’ve watched colleagues land roles at the Big 4 at salaries north of ₹10 lakh per annum simply because they carried the CPA alongside their Indian qualifications. More importantly, I’ve seen the credential unlock overseas mobility – a manager in Mumbai suddenly being tapped for a posting in Singapore or the US because the board trusted the CPA badge. That’s when you see the ROI.
In my view, the CPA in India is not about fast wins. It’s about stretching your career beyond borders. If you’re willing to put in the effort, the rewards are not just financial – they’re structural. Your career path bends upward in ways it simply doesn’t without it.
Suggested Reads
- Top Job Roles After Completing a US CPA Certification
- Why is CPA a Lucrative Career Choice: Eligibility, Opportunities and CPA Salary?
- Scope of CPA in India: Is it a Good Career Choice?
Starting Your CPA Journey – Here’s a Roadmap
No one wakes up one morning and clears the CPA. It takes planning, patience, and a clear sense of why you’re doing it. I’ve seen too many candidates jump in blind, only to waste months fixing eligibility issues or second-guessing their state board choice. If you approach it methodically, though, the process is far less daunting.
- First, get your eligibility in order. Check whether your degree stacks up to US standards. Many Indian graduates discover they need an extra credit or two – better to know this early than after you’ve paid exam fees.
- Next, be deliberate with your state board. Each one has its quirks. Some are lenient with international candidates, others not so much.
- When it comes to applications, accuracy saves time. The NASBA paperwork isn’t difficult, but it is unforgiving. A single missing transcript can push your timeline by months.
- Preparation is where the real work lies. Forget shortcuts. The CPA exam is rigorous, and structured coaching gives you discipline, accountability, and perspective.
- Tackle one paper at a time. Momentum builds with every pass, and trying to juggle too much at once only raises your odds of failure.
- Finally, remember the finish line isn’t just exams. To be licensed, you’ll also need documented work experience and an ethics module. Plan for these requirements from day one, so you’re not left scrambling at the end.
It’s a marathon, not a sprint. This CPA course overview shows you how each milestone builds into the next. Because marathons are won by those who keep moving, step by step.
FAQs about CPA
Let’s check out some other frequently asked questions related to what is CPA?
What does a CPA do?
A CPA is far more than a number-cruncher. They audit billion-dollar corporations, design tax-efficient structures, and give credibility to financial statements that investors rely on. Beyond compliance, CPAs act as trusted strategists – advising on risk, mergers, and business transformations – making them the financial world’s equivalent of a “seal of trust.”
What is a CPA exam like?
Imagine the CPA exam as a four-exam marathon that pushes brains as well as endurance. It combines multiple-choice questions, simulations of real-world cases, and written answers. Candidates are tested on auditing, reporting, regulation, and a specialised field – basically demonstrating that they can make high-stakes decisions under duress, much like in actual corporate situations.
Is CPA worth it in India?
No doubt. In India, CPAs open doors to Big 4 companies, international multinational companies, and rapidly expanding financial centres. As companies begin to report under US GAAP and IFRS more and more, CPAs are globally mobile professionals with top-dollar credibility and pay to match. It’s less a certificate and more a passport to worldwide finance.
CPA vs ACCA vs CA – how are they different?
Each qualification has its own edge, and the right choice depends on where you see your career going.
- CPA: The global benchmark for US-based auditing and taxation, especially powerful if your career intersects with American firms or SEC-regulated companies.
- CA: India’s gold standard, with statutory signing authority and unmatched dominance in domestic accounting and audit roles.
- ACCA: The master key for international roles centred on IFRS, widely respected across 180+ countries.
In short, CPA is the ticket to US/global corporate finance, CA anchors careers in India, and ACCA shines in globally mobile accounting careers.
How long does CPA take?
With discipline, most finish in 12–18 months. But it’s not just about passing four exams – it’s about smart scheduling and pacing. Some knock out all sections within a year by laser-focused studying, while others stretch it depending on credit eligibility, work commitments, and how fast they can tackle one section at a time.
Closing Note
At the end of the day, the CPA is a career accelerator. If there’s one thing I’d emphasise, it’s that CPA demands commitment, but it gives back in multiples – credibility, mobility, and respect that don’t fade with time.
If you’re at that decision point, ask yourself not just, “Do I want the letters CPA after my name?” but rather, “Do I want to be the person in the room whose judgment is relied upon when billions are on the line?” Because that, at its core, is what this credential signals.
The highlight of pursuing a CPA is the permanent credibility you carry into every boardroom, every investor call, and every career pivot thereafter. A CPA tells the world you understand the language of global business at its highest standard – and that you can be trusted to apply it.
Now, does that mean it’s for everyone? Not necessarily. If your career vision is India-only and statutory audit is your primary goal, a CA may be the more efficient path. But if you aspire for roles with Big 4 firms, multinational corporations, global capability centres, or even entrepreneurial ventures with international compliance needs, the CPA is one of the most future-proof investments you can make in yourself.
Whether you’re an Indian professional aiming for Big 4 roles or someone eyeing international opportunities, the CPA can quite literally shift your career trajectory.
If you’re serious about becoming a CPA, check out our Certified Public Accountant Program co-created with KPMG in India. It blends expert mentorship, real-world case studies, and structured learning to help you clear the CPA and fast-track your career.







