Finance - Finance, Tech & Analytics Career Resources

What is Investment Banking? The Complete Guide

Posted on October 10, 2025November 14, 2025 by Imarticus Learning

When you hear what is investment banking? Do you envision a million-dollar merger, an IPO launch or look at it as one of the most sought-after careers in finance? Investment banking is more than finance; it’s where strategy, numbers, and leadership intersect. It is quite normal to wonder what exactly investment banking is and why professionals with a certified investment banking operations program are in such high demand.

Investment banking services typically include underwriting new stock and bond issues, facilitating mergers and acquisitions, and acting as financial advisors. Professionals with a certified investment banking operations program play a crucial role in ensuring the smooth and efficient execution of these complex transactions, from managing data and compliance to optimising back-office processes, making them indispensable to the industry’s success.

Investment banking isn’t just a small segment of the financial services industry, but one of the most significant branches that generates profits for businesses. Investment banking is really about helping big businesses and even governments make their biggest money moves. Think of a company that wants to grow into a new market but has no idea how to raise the kind of cash it needs. Or a business that wants to merge with a competitor but doesn’t know where even to start. That’s when these professional comes in.

If you’re drawn to create a career with a strong impact in finance with strategy, leadership and shaping the business, this guide will help you understand investment banking along with its core functions, career paths and everything that you need to know.

👉 Did you know?
According to Business Insights, the global investment banking market size is projected to grow to $183.28 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period.

Here’s a snapshot of what is Investment Banking and its roles and functions.

What is Investment Banking

Investment banking is where strategy meets money on the grandest stage of business, and every move can have ripple effects across industries. It’s the field that helps companies grow beyond imagination by raising funds, advising on mergers, or guiding them through public listings. In simple terms, investment banking acts as the bridge between people who have money to invest and businesses that need that money to expand or transform.

“An investment in knowledge pays the best interest.” – Benjamin Franklin.

Definition of Investment Banking

To answer what is investment banking in precise terms, Investment banking is the part of finance that helps companies raise huge sums, expand into new markets, or merge with others to grow stronger. Investment banking is where ideas turn into empires.

It is a branch of finance that focuses on providing strategic advice and executing complex deals that help corporations, governments, and institutions raise capital, manage large financial transactions, and pursue mergers and acquisitions to drive economic growth.

It acts as an intermediary between investors and organisations. It’s about transforming creative or business potential into large-scale financial success.

When you decide to renovate your home.

Will you just pick the cheapest tiles and paint from a local vendor?

Or will you consider going with a trusted architect and interior designer for the overall aesthetic, durability of materials, how it enhances your home’s functionality, and its eventual appeal to potential buyers?

An investment banking professional’s role is similar in strategic advisory: guiding organisations to look beyond immediate operational costs and assess how a strategic decision – like entering a new market or divesting a business unit – impacts their core competencies, competitive advantage, and long-term sustainable growth.

Difference Between Investment Banking and Commercial Banking

The primary functions and target areas of traditional or commercial banking differ from those of investment banking. The table below gives a brief overview of the factors that differentiate these two banking types.

Distinguishing Point	Investment Banking	Commercial Banking
Capital raising, IPOs, M&A advisory	✔️	❌
Deposits, savings, loans	❌	✔️
Core clients: Corporations & governments	✔️	❌
Core clients: Individuals & SMEs	❌	✔️
Fee-based revenue (advisory, underwriting)	✔️	❌
Interest income–based revenue	❌	✔️
Large-scale deals (multi-million/billion)	✔️	❌
Small/medium loans & transactions	❌	✔️
Global transactions & cross-border focus	✔️	❌
Local/regional focus	❌	✔️
High profit volatility (market-driven)	✔️	❌
Stable recurring income	❌	✔️
Prestige & elite career reputation	✔️	❌
Stable, trusted career reputation	❌	✔️
High entry barriers (elite universities, intense recruitment)	✔️	❌
Moderate entry barriers	❌	✔️
Very high salary uplift	✔️	❌
Moderate salary uplift	❌	✔️
Challenging work-life balance (long hours)	✔️	❌
Balanced work-life hours	❌	✔️
Strong global mobility	✔️	❌
Limited mobility (regional relevance)	❌	✔️

Pillars of Investment Banking

Knowing what is investment banking also means understanding its core pillars. Investment Banking consists of four pillars, which are the foundation of all investment banking operations and functions. These pillars define the purpose of investment banking and its impact.

The four pillars of investment banking are:

Pillar	Functions
Advisory Services	Mergers & Acquisitions, Corporate Advisory, Market Research
Underwriting	Underwriting, Capital Raising (Equity & Debt)
Sales & Trading	Sales & Trading
Asset & Wealth Management	Wealth & Asset Management, Financial Modelling

👉 Did you know?
Mergers & Acquisitions accounted for about 38% of investment banking revenues in 2025.

Key Functions in Investment Banking

Some of the major functions of Investment Banking are:

Underwriting: Think of underwriting as a safety net. Underwriting is when a professional helps companies to raise money by guaranteeing the sale of their stocks or bonds.
Capital Raising (Equity & Debt): Need money to grow? Investment banking professionals design the best funding strategy by balancing and controlling costs for long-term goals. Capital raising involves helping businesses secure funds for growth, either by selling ownership and equity, borrowing money or taking on debt.
Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A): This handles everything from valuation, negotiation, and deal structuring and acts as a strategic advisor when one company plans to buy or sell a company, or merge with another.
Corporate Advisory: Big decisions can make or break a company. Corporate specialists advise to help shape the company’s future.
Sales and Trading: Want to maximise returns and manage risk? Sales and trading professionals connect investors with the right opportunities by buying and selling stocks, bonds, or other securities on their behalf.
Market Research: Market research is their secret weapon – the insights fuel every deal, helping companies and clients to spot opportunities, analyse industries, companies, and economic trends to support smarter investment decisions.
Financial Modelling: This builds a numerical roadmap for the company’s future. It involves creating detailed numerical models to predict a company’s future performance.
Wealth and Asset Management: Wealth and asset managers focus on helping individuals and institutions grow and protect their wealth. These professionals manage portfolios, develop investment strategies, and ensure that clients’ money works for their short and long-term goals.

If your car breaks down, will you panic and just opt for the cheapest and quickest available repair? Or will you consider checking the underlying cause, the reliability of a more comprehensive repair, and whether it’s more cost-effective in the long run than constant breakdowns or buying a new car?

An investment banking professional’s role is similar in restructuring: helping companies in distress look beyond immediate cash flow issues and evaluate the fundamental changes needed, the long-term viability of the business model, and the optimal path to financial health and sustainable operations.

👉 Did you know?
Investment banking helps companies raise capital, restructure, and make strategic decisions far beyond traditional banking services.

The Role of Investment Banking

Part of grasping what is investment banking is seeing the day-to-day impact of investment banking, who structure deals, advise clients, and manage portfolios.

Think of an investment banking professional as the go-to problem solver for big-money decisions who can turn ambition into achievable goals. One moment, they’re crunching numbers to value a company, the next, they’re sitting in a boardroom advising executives on a merger or IPO. They can turn complex financial puzzles into real-world strategies by making sure every deal actually creates an impact. It’s fast, high-stakes, and a little chaotic, but that’s exactly what makes the role exciting.

Core Responsibilities in Investment Banking

Investment banking professionals take multiple responsibilities under high pressure every day, right from financial modelling to client advisory.

Financial Modelling and Valuation

By using financial modelling and valuation, these professionals create company valuations, assess risk, and guide strategic decisions to predict the future of a business.

Deal Structuring

Investment banking professionals design a blueprint to crack every deal. They align their financial expertise with their customers’ vision and help them achieve their goals.

Client Advisory and Relationship Management

Strong relationships are key to cracking any role, and investment banking professionals are no different in this approach. They advise executives, CEOs, and boards, balancing their financial expertise with an understanding of their clients’ vision and goals. It’s as much about trust as it is about numbers and revenue.

👉 Did you know?
With most job roles following a 40-hour work week, Investment banking professionals work up to 100 hours per week.

Skills Required to Excel in Investment Banking

As you might already be aware, AI is no longer a bubble or future, but it’s the present and also the most followed latest trend in the market. Just like every fast-paced industry professional, Investment banking professionals now leverage AI skills to analyse data faster, predict trends, and even automate routine tasks, freeing up time for strategic thinking.

Using AI and Technology in Finance won’t replace an investment banking professional, but a professional with the right skillset who understands how to use AI and technology to make conscious decisions that drive business growth is in demand more than ever.

If you ask a seasoned investment banking professional what their job really is, you might hear a story rather than a list. “We’re part analyst, part strategist, part negotiator,” they’ll say, “and every day, we solve financial puzzles that could make or break companies.” The truth is, to excel in investment banking isn’t about memorising formulas or market trends.

So yes, a certification will help you enter the industry, but to sustain and succeed in this field, you need to inculcate the right skillset. With a combination of strong technical and soft skills to navigate complex financial transactions and build client relationships.

To thrive in investment banking, you need more than just knowledge. To really thrive in investment banking, you need to inculcate a dynamic skillset that enables you to lead high-stakes decisions with both precision and judgment. These skills can broadly be divided into two categories: technical skills and soft skills.

Technical Skills

Every great deal closes with a spreadsheet, but it doesn’t end there. A rock-solid understanding of finance, accounting, and valuation techniques to make sense of complex data is essential.

Visualisation tools like Excel, Microsoft Office, PowerPoint, Word, Power BI, Tableau, blockchain, financial modelling, and analytics are their key tools that allow them to navigate complex deals efficiently.

They are required to use various tools and software for analysis, reporting, presentation and decision-making. And as technology reshapes finance, being fluent in generative AI and analytics has become a non-negotiable skill, not just a nice-to-know.

Simply put, these tools are an investment banker’s compass – helping them evaluate deals, forecast trends, and navigate an ever-changing financial landscape.

Soft Skills

Numbers alone don’t close deals- people do. In addition to handling numbers well and having technical knowledge, professionals require another crucial skill to do their job efficiently.

Great investment bankers are the ones who know how to connect, communicate, and stay composed under pressure. Developing soft skills can simplify complex ideas, listen with intent, and turn tense negotiations into long-term partnerships.

One is expected to have a high-level command of communication, problem-solving, and relationship-building skills. Having soft skills accelerates the way an investment banking professional performs.

The ability to explain complex concepts clearly to customers and work precisely under high pressure is what sets good investment banking professionals apart from great ones.

“Risk comes from not knowing what you’re doing.”
– Warren Buffett.

How Investment Banking Functions

Investment banking functions as a multi-layered ecosystem where every deal involves strategy, compliance, and precise execution. From front-office operations and deal-making to back-office support, the industry runs by ensuring the deals are executed smoothly and strategically.

Investment Banking is similar to a three-tier system. You can think of it as simple as our reflex action. When you touch something hot accidentally, your hand automatically withdraws from that surface. Now, in terms of investment banking, the front-tier is the action that takes place by the hand which you can see, the second or middle-tier is the reflex arc carried out by the sensory neurons and your muscles and the third or back-tier which actually sent the signal to carry out the reflex action which is the spinal cord or the head of your nervous system.

Front Office: Deal-Making and Client Advisory

In this role, the professional works closely with the clients to pitch deals and negotiate terms, which are essential to turn a strategy into reality.

Middle Office: Risk, Compliance, and Strategy

In this role, the professional ensures the deals carried out are safe, compliant, and strategically sound. They analyse risk, monitor regulations, and make sure that the bank’s decisions protect both the client and the company.

Back Office: Operations and Support

The back office acts as the backbone that keeps everything running smoothly, but may not be in the spotlight. From processing transactions and operations to handling documentation and offering support, this team ensures that deals are executed seamlessly without a hitch.

Trends Impacting Investment Banking

Unlike any other commercial banking industry, the Investment Banking industry is a fast-paced industry where the impact of technology is high. The decision-making process is not carried out by pure intent but backed by various financial models that are based on records and future predictions.

Such industries follow the latest trends to ensure that they stay updated according to industry standards to deliver high-quality and valuable services and results. A few trends that have a huge impact on the investment banking industry are:

AI & Technology Integration

Investment banks are rapidly adopting AI and machine learning for deal origination, risk management, trading algorithms, and client advisory services.
According to statistical insights, 89% of investment banking positions are projected to require data and tech skills by 2030. This highlights the critical shift towards a tech-savvy workforce.

ESG and Sustainable Finance

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG), even though they are non-financial factors, now hold the power that is shaping deals like never before. Professionals now help clients align with sustainable practices in corporations and businesses while still driving growth and profitability.
They use the ESG principles in guiding investment decisions towards adopting sustainable, ethical, responsible and conscious business practices that result in long-term growth.

Fintech & Payments Collaboration

Investment banks are increasingly partnering with fintech companies to offer innovative solutions, improve client experiences, and expand into areas like digital payments and wealth management.
Top investment banking firms like JPMorgan Chase have started investing over $2 billion annually in technology as part of their $18 billion total tech budget.

Blockchain & Digital Assets

Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies are gaining traction, with banks exploring applications in areas like tokenised securities, digital custody, and faster settlements.
Top investment banking firms like Morgan Stanley were among the pioneers in adopting blockchain. Goldman Sachs has a dedicated crypto trading desk and offers Bitcoin futures and other crypto-linked products to its clients.

Is Investment Banking Worth It

After exploring what investment banking is and what an investment banking professional does, the next question that strikes the mind is: Is an investment banking career truly worth it?

If you are ambitious about it, enjoy high-stakes equity analysis problem-solving, and want a career that blends finance, strategy, and leadership, investment banking could be the best career choice for you. Its value lies in how much value you can deliver.

If you think of buying a new phone. Will you just look at the price tag? Or you will compare features, durability, and resale value. An investment banking professional’s role is similar: helping organisations look beyond cost and evaluate the long-term value of every decision.

Here’s a list of the top industry categories and companies where these professionals work:

Elite Investment Banks: Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Morgan Stanley, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Citigroup, Barclays, UBS, Deutsche Bank, and Credit Suisse.

Global full-service banks: Nomura, Wells Fargo, BNP Paribas, Société Générale, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG), and many others.

Indian Investment Banks: SBI Capital Markets, ICICI Securities, Kotak Investment Bank, Axis Capital, HDFC Bank ( Investment Banking Division), and Motilal Oswal Investment Advisors.

Asset Management: BlackRock, J. P. Morgan Asset Management, Morgan Stanley Investment Management, Standard Chartered Wealth Management, and Aditya Birla Capital.

Hedge Funds: Citadel, D.E. Shaw, JP Morgan Private Bank, Morgan Stanley Wealth Management, and Tata Alternative Investment Fund – Category 3 by Tata Group.

Benefits of Choosing a Career in Investment Banking

The investment banking market is one of the fastest-growing markets in the financial industry. It was valued at $103.23 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $183.28 billion by 2032, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.5%.

Choosing a career in Investment Banking offers a dynamic and rewarding career path, not only in India but globally. The investment banking sector is projected to grow to a $30 trillion economy by 2047, which emphasises its role in economic growth.

An investment banking career offers lucrative salaries, higher perks and benefits, with rapid career progression. Investment banking is a launchpad for leadership, strategy, and global business influence.

Exposure to High-Stakes Deals: Exposure to diverse industries and large corporations to build a highly valued reputation in the financial industry.
Accelerated Learning and Professional Growth: Continuous Learning & Development of transferable skills in finance, leadership, and negotiation.
Networking with Industry Leaders: Access to one of the most prestigious professional networks, with the opportunity to directly work with industry leaders.
Prestige and Influence in the Business World: Career stability and opportunities to work globally and enter into other prestigious roles.
Higher Earning Potential with Lucrative Packages: Apart from the high base salaries, senior professionals get additional benefits in compensation, such as stock options, perks and other performance-based bonuses.
Dynamic Work with Strategic Impact: They play a pivotal role in mergers and acquisitions, IPOs (initial public offering) of listed companies, which is dynamic in nature. These decisions help the companies grow exponentially and hold a critical importance in the business dynamics.

An investment banking career not only offers high rewards and rapid progression but also builds a robust foundation, as demonstrated by the successful entrepreneurial transitions of individuals like Falguni Nayar (Nykaa) and Lalit Chaudhary (Infinity Cars), leveraging their strategic acumen and financial expertise to launch and scale diverse ventures.

Challenges of Investment Banking

Just like every coin has two sides, the Investment Banking career has a few setbacks which one should be aware of before making a decision.

High Work Pressure: They are expected to deliver targets with utmost precision and quality that meets industry standards within strict, short deadlines of time due to the highly demanding nature of their job.
Long Working Hours: The job is critical and demands time across various markets and time zones, which often leads to a poor work-life balance. And they usually do not have a fixed 9-5 schedule and work beyond the regular working hours.
Limited Career Security: Investment banking is highly competitive, with high accountability and a fast-paced environment that makes job security questionable. The professional growth highly relies on your performance and skills, which can change based on market conditions.
Regulations – The number of increased regulations has led to higher compliance costs, which causes regulatory pressures.
AI – Trusting the reports and outputs generated by AI models has a potential risk due to inaccurate and biased information, which results in increased work to verify AI results.
Financial Risk – The investment cost in cybersecurity has surged due to increased threats from AI-powered threat detection models and increased financial fraud through phishing, insider threats, man-in-the-middle attacks, and many more.

Investment Banking Career Roadmap

The journey from analyst to MD requires mastering both technical skills and strategic leadership over several years.

To reach the Managing Director (MD) stage in investment banking is a demanding journey that requires a significant investment of time, work ethic, continuous learning and upskilling, intellect, and resilience. While the compensation and prestige of this role are high and seem interesting, the path is quite competitive, and the work-life balance is often challenging.

Professionals begin as interns or analysts in an entry-level role, out of which very few progress to reach the top tier with promotions and structured growth. On average, it takes a span of 2-4 years to get a promotion at each level.

The career progression goes from:

Analyst to Associate in 2 to 3 years,
Associate with the Vice President (VP) in the next 3 to 4 years.
Another 3 to 4 years to go from VP to Senior VP or Director roles.
Professionals who demonstrate exceptional skills and are valued highly by organisations then go from Director to Managing Director in 2 to 3 years.

The picture below shows a brief overview of how you can make a swift career progression as an investment banking professional.

Investment Banking Career Opportunities

If you thought that careers in investment banking are limited to working in Investment Banking companies, then let me clear this misconception.

They are in demand beyond the banking sector in small companies that want to go public, startups that want to scale by raising funds, companies planning for expansions, companies looking for mergers and acquisitions or companies that want to start an initial public offering (IPOs).

Investment Banking careers are versatile and extend beyond investment banks. From analyst to CFO, the career path in investment banking offers diverse opportunities across finance functions and geographies.

Private Equity Associate

₹7-16 LPA (base)
₹15-50 LPA + total compensation

Hedge Funds Analyst

₹ 2.4 – 13 LPA (typical)

Asset Management

₹2.4-17 LPA (early-level)
₹19 LPA (average)
₹30 LPA+ (experienced)

Consulting

₹4.5-72 LPA (early- mid-senior)
₹1 crore (experienced)

Corporate Finance

₹24-26 LPA (typical)
₹2.8-35 LPA (average range)

Financial Analyst / Associate Roles

₹5.7 LPA (analyst)
₹15 LPA (senior analyst)
₹10.2 LPA+ (associate)

Risk Management & Treasury Roles

~₹6.5 LPA (entry)
₹34 LPA (senior treasury)
₹50 LPA (senior risk management)

Portfolio Management / Fund Management

₹20-27 LPA (average)

Executive Roles (CFO, Director, MD)

CFO – ₹37 LPA (average)
Director – ₹35 LPA+ (start), ₹ 1 crore+ (experienced)
MD ₹ 20 – 50 LPA (average)
Executive Director -₹ 24 LPA – ₹ 1 crore+(based on experience and industry).

If you are passionate about building a dynamic career in the field of Investment Banking, check out this video:

Who Can Build a Career in Investment Banking

Investment banking is not limited to any one academic background. Candidates with bachelor’s degrees in finance, commerce, accounting, business administration, economics, engineering, or even liberal arts can pursue this career if they acquire the right certifications and skills.

Any professional with passion, analytical thinking, and resilience can enter investment banking with the right preparation and training.

Eligibility Criteria

Bachelor’s Degree from any background related to business administration, economics, finance, accounting, mathematics, engineering or quantitative fields is eligible.
Three-year degree courses in science, commerce and liberal arts are considered eligible.
MBA graduates and MS in Finance degree holders are also eligible to apply.
Analytical and problem-solving skills are essential for pursuing any investment banking course.

Entrance Exams

If you wish to go through the MBA or MS route, you will have to clear the entrance examinations like CAT, GATE, GMAT, or equivalent exams recognised by the top universities and institutions.

Top Investment Banking Certifications

Investment Banking is a vast career, and there are no fixed banking courses or certifications like a regular degree course that lets you step into this industry. You have various options in courses and certifications to become an investment banking professional.

Enrolling in structured courses provides you with both the technical expertise and strategic mindset needed to thrive in investment banking. There are various career paths in the field of investment banking, and choosing the courses and certifications according to your interests opens the door to a dynamic career with high earnings potential.

Certifications like CFA, CMA, and CIBOP are essential to have mastered critical skills needed to demonstrate expertise in finance and credibility for aspiring investment banking professionals. Holding a globally recognised qualification is an indicator to potential employers of what the candidate has to offer for high-stakes finance and investment management roles.

CIBOP

The Certified Investment Banking Operations Professional (CIBOP) course focuses on training candidates with relevant skills and knowledge to master core and industry-relevant topics. It is recognised in India by top-tier banks and global financial institutions.

It helps in building expertise in Securities, Wealth and Asset Management Operations. It is designed to equip you with industry-relevant and transferable skills in financial systems and investment banking operations overseas.

This certification helps you to leverage your earning potential by developing a holistic approach that prepares you for handling challenging situations smoothly in investment banking.

How to Choose the Right Course for Investment Banking

This table will help you decide the right course to break through in your career in investment banking.

Feature	CIBOP	CFA	CMA
Focus on Investment Banking Operations	✔️	❌	❌
Focus on Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management	❌	✔️	❌
Focus on Management Accounting & Corporate Finance	❌	❌	✔️
Duration < 1 year	✔️	❌	❌
Classroom & Live Online Training	✔️	❌	❌
Self-Study Option Available	❌	✔️	✔️
Global Recognition	❌(mainly India-focused)	✔️	✔️
Placement Assistance / Job Support	✔️	❌	❌
Entry Eligibility: Graduate or Professional	✔️	✔️	✔️
Average Entry-Level Salary (India)	₹4–9 LPA	₹10–30 LPA	₹8–18 LPA
Direct Relevance to Investment Banking Roles	✔️	✔️(mainly analytical/ research roles)	❌
Ideal for Non-Finance Background Professionals	✔️	❌	✔️

Learning Partner For Investment Banking Career

Choosing the right learning partner can make all the difference in building a career in investment banking. Imarticus Learning stands out as an approved provider for the top 5 finance certification courses, making it a premier choice for aspirants seeking a career in finance. We offer structured learning, practical exposure, and industry connections.

Imarticus Learning turns ambition into action. You’ll be ready to step into investment banking confidently.
Imarticus offers:

Industry-Aligned curriculum & practical training.
Expert-Led Classes & Mentorship.
Flexible batches to suit your needs.
Strong industry partnerships for placement assistance.
Bridging theory & industry with top industry leaders.

FAQs about Investment Banking

Frequently asked questions about Investment Banking careers.

What is an investment banking course?

An investment banking course is a practical training to build domain knowledge and job-relevant skills for a career as an investment banker.

What does investment banking do?

Investment banking carries out all the important functions of capital raising, mergers and acquisitions, underwriting for initial public offering (IPO) launch, corporate advisory and risk management for organisations.

What is the trade life cycle in investment banking?

The trade life cycle in investment banking stands for the end-to-end process of a financial transaction, right from trade initiation to settlement. It consists of a total of 7 steps starting from the sale, trade initiation and execution, trade capture, trade validation and enrichment, trade confirmation, trade settlement and reconciliation.

What is fund accounting in investment banking?

Fund accounting in investment banking is a specialised accounting method used by asset managers for tracking the financial activity of investment funds or asset classes, such as mutual funds, hedge funds, and pension funds. It emphasises accountability, transparency and regulatory compliance for investors by precisely recording income, expenses, assets, and liabilities to ensure accurate Net Asset Value (NAV) calculations, with proper investor capital allocation, and strict adherence to regulatory requirements.

What are the 4 pillars of investment banking?

The 4 pillars of investment banking are capital markets, advisory, trading and brokerage, and asset management. They are also known as the four major branches of investment banking.

What degree is required for investment banking?

What degree is best for investment banking?

There is no best degree for investment banking. There are a few top investment banking courses and certifications that you can pursue, like CFA and CIBOP. Any bachelor’s or master’s degree in the field of commerce, business, finance or related makes you eligible for the investment banking course.

Who earns more, a CA or an investment banker?

An investment banker typically earns higher compensation and additional benefits like stock options and other perks with advanced roles. CA salaries start from ₹6 LPA for freshers and range over ₹1 crore per annum for experienced professionals. On the other hand, investment bankers start at ₹8 LPA and go beyond ₹1 crore per annum.

What is reference data in investment banking?

In investment banking, reference data is used for classification, identification, and description of financial instruments, counterparties and other related entities, to ensure consistency of data across financial transactions and investments.

How do I become an investment banker?

To become an investment banker, you should have the required educational background, pursue a relevant certification, gain soft skills, and practical and technical training through internship experience.

What is an investment banking firm?

An investment banking firm is an organisation or institution that primarily works in the financial services industry to offer strategic advice in mergers and acquisitions, capital raising, underwriting, equity research analysis and similar services.

What is technology investment banking?

Technology investment banking is a specialised area that provides financial advisory and services such as mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and capital raising specifically for companies working in the technology sector, including software, hardware, cloud services, next-generation technologies and internet businesses.

What is client onboarding in investment banking?

Client onboarding is the process of officially onboarding a client into the bank’s digital infrastructure or ecosystem by verifying all the mandatory checks like KYC, account creation and setup, providing essential training if any, following the compliance regulations and building a relationship with the client.

References

Kickstart Your Investment Banking Journey

Ultimately, understanding what investment banking truly entails is the first step towards a high-impact, globally recognised career in finance. Investment banking isn’t just another job path. It’s a career passport giving you the confidence to navigate high-stakes deals, the prestige to stand out in the corporate world, and the skills to shape financial strategies that drive real business growth.

So if you’re asking yourself, “Is investment banking really worth it?” the answer lies in your ambition. If you want a conventional finance role, any degree might get you there. But a career in investment banking is highly rewarding and demands discipline, resilience, and strategic thinking.

It offers high compensation and benefits, skill development and accelerated professional growth with global recognition and opportunities to work in top companies worldwide.

With Imarticus Learning’s industry-aligned curriculum, expert mentorship, and strong industry connections, you can transition smoothly into this dynamic field and build a high-impact, future-ready career in investment banking.

What is ACCA? The Complete Guide for 2025

Posted on September 29, 2025November 14, 2025 by Imarticus Learning

Have you ever dreamed of working with the Big 4, building a global finance career, or even landing opportunities abroad – but felt that without a CA it wasn’t possible? The fact of the matter is that you don’t have to endure 4-5 years of poor pass rates and inflexible exam cycles to achieve that.

With ACCA, you can start right after Class 12 and, in 2-3 years, complete the qualification. You could be working in international roles which are recognised in 180+ countries. If you’re considering how to begin, you may want to explore structured ACCA course that can help you plan your journey more effectively. It is your time to think higher, dream bigger, and a global career can become a reality sooner than you think.

Employers from the Big 4 Accounting Firms (Deloitte, PwC, EY and KPMG) to Fortune 500 companies (JP Morgan and Unilever) are all actively looking for ACCA people because of the depth of their technical knowledge, ethical framework and international harmonisation.

We have developed this guide to provide a comprehensive overview of ACCA in 2025. We will cover the qualification, the structure, exam level, pass rates, your career scope, salary trends, and comparisons to other global certifications like CPA (US) and CFA.

By the end of this guide, you will be able to answer the question: What is ACCA and how can ACCA boost your career?

What is ACCA?

The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) began in 1904 in London, UK, with the purpose of making accounting a career available to people of all backgrounds – not just the privileged. More than 120 years later, it has evolved into a multinational organisation that:

Supports 257,900 fully qualified members and 530,100 students.
Operates across 180+ countries.
Works with more than 7,600 approved employers.
Maintains 110 offices and learning centres worldwide (ACCA Global).

The ACCA qualification is considered one of the gold standards in professional accountancy, comparable to the US CPA or the Indian CA, but with a much stronger international scope. Understanding what is ACCA is crucial for anyone aspiring to a global finance career.

Why ACCA Matters in Today’s Finance World?

The financial industry has changed dramatically in the last decade. Accountants are no longer just “number crunchers.” Instead, they are expected to be:

Strategic decision-makers guiding business growth.
Technology leaders who can analyse data and implement automation tools.
Ethical advisors in governance, compliance, and sustainability.

According to the Global Talent Trends 2025 survey by ACCA:

52% of professionals think of qualifications like ACCA as an entry point to becoming an entrepreneur.
43% of Gen Z professionals work several jobs or side hustles, underscoring a stronger need for flexibility in finance positions.
41% expect annual pay increases of over 11%, proving the high earning potential of the profession.

In this context, ACCA-qualified professionals are particularly esteemed because they combine:

Technical mastery (accounting, taxation, audit, finance).
Strategic vision (leadership, risk management, business analysis).
Global recognition (accepted in 180+ countries).

Why Build a Global Accounting Career with ACCA?

In an internationalised world where companies function spanning borders, finance professionals must have skills and qualifications that travel with them. This is where ACCA truly stands out.

International Recognition

ACCA is recognised in 180+ countries, making it one of the most portable qualifications in the finance world. Mutual recognition agreements with CPA Canada, CA ANZ (Australia and New Zealand), and HKICPA give ACCA members added pathways to global credentials.

Global Job Market Demand

According to ACCA Global’s Report:

74% of employers believe ACCA prepares professionals for international business challenges.
68% of ACCA members work in multinational corporations or roles with cross-border responsibilities.

Career Mobility

Whether you’re in London, Dubai, Mumbai, or Singapore, the ACCA designation signals credibility. It allows professionals to:

Work in multinational corporations.
Transition easily between countries.

Take advantage of professional prospects in globally renowned financial hubs such as the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates, Singapore & Hong Kong.

Global Advantage in a Globalised Economy

Unlike region-specific qualifications like India’s CA or US CPA, the ACCA qualification equips professionals with:

A broader and international accounting framework (IFRS standards).
Increased exposure to international taxation and compliance.
Skillsets that match the structure and accounts of a multinational organisation.

In short, ACCA is more than a qualification for finance professionals; ACCA is a globalised career license, unlocking your career potential.

Benefits of Pursuing the ACCA Course

There are both tangible & intangible benefits related to choosing ACCA that provide better career prospects than other accounting or accounting-related qualifications/certifications.

Key benefits of ACCA at a glance

Benefit	Why It Matters
Global Recognition	Accepted in 180+ countries, enabling international mobility.
Career Opportunities	Opens roles in audit, taxation, consulting, corporate finance, and leadership.
Higher Salaries	ACCA professionals in India earn ₹8-10 LPA as freshers, while senior leaders earn ₹30-50 LPA+.
Flexible Learning	Exams are available 4 times a year with multiple entry routes and exemptions.
Technology & Future-Readiness	Updated syllabus covers AI, data analytics, ESG reporting, and digital finance.
Prestige & Credibility	Employers value ACCA as proof of technical competence and ethical grounding.
Continuous Learning	Mandatory CPD ensures members remain updated with industry changes.
Long-Term Career Growth	ACCA members are 50% more likely to reach senior leadership roles like CFO compared to non-ACCA professionals (source: ACCA Careers Survey 2025).

The qualification also offers flexibility to branch into entrepreneurship, consulting, or fintech roles.

Work-Life Balance & Flexibility

With computer-based exams and digital learning resources, the ACCA course can be pursued alongside work or other studies.
Professionals can complete ACCA in 2-3 years, depending on exemptions, which is faster than becoming a CA.

When you choose ACCA, you are not just earning a certificate but also securing a truly global career, having a high earning capacity, and will always be relevant.

What is ACCA Course Eligibility

One of the reasons ACCA picks up such a varied student population is the wide range of entry criteria. Students, graduates, and working professionals can take it as long as they meet some minimum requirements.

Minimum Admission Requirements

12th grade (10+2) with 65% in Accounts/Mathematics and English, and 50% in other subjects.

Warning: If applicants do not meet those minimum marks, they can still start down the Foundations in Accountancy (FIA) road, leading to the ACCA qualification.

Graduate and Postgraduate Students

B.Com, BBA, or MBA graduates are directly eligible for the main ACCA program.
Professional qualifications like CA, CMA, and CS can fetch subject exemptions.

International Students

Must have completed an equivalent of high school (10+2) in their country.
Proof of English proficiency (like IELTS) may be required in certain regions.

This makes ACCA eligibility fairly broad, making it one of the easiest global accounting qualifications to access in contrast to CA or CPA, which have more rigid entry standards.

Structure of the ACCA Qualification

The ACCA journey is structured into three exam levels, an Ethics module, and a Practical Experience Requirement (PER).

ACCA Qualification Structure (2025)

Level	Papers / Modules	Focus Area
Applied Knowledge	Business & Technology (BT), Management Accounting (MA), Financial Accounting (FA)	Basics of finance and business
Applied Skills	Corporate & Business Law (LW), Performance Management (PM), Taxation (TX), Financial Reporting (FR), Audit & Assurance (AA), Financial Management (FM)	Technical and analytical skills
Strategic Professional	Essentials: Strategic Business Leader (SBL), Strategic Business Reporting (SBR). Options (choose 2): AFM, APM, ATX, AAA	Advanced strategy, leadership & specialisation
Ethics & Professional Skills Module (EPSM)	One compulsory module	Professional ethics, leadership, and communication
Practical Experience Requirement (PER)	36 months of work experience	Real-world application of ACCA skills

This structured pathway ensures students not only pass exams but also become well-rounded finance leaders. Understanding the ACCA subjects is key to navigating this structure.

Get the Full ACCA Exam Resources Here

What are ACCA PER Requirements?

Apart from clearing exams, ACCA requires candidates to complete Practical Experience Requirements (PER) to become a fully qualified member.

Key PER

36 months (3 years) of relevant work experience in finance, accounting, or auditing.
Work can be done before, during, or after the exams.
Experience must cover at least 9 performance objectives, out of which 5 are essential (like ethics, professionalism, corporate reporting).

Why PER Matters

Ensures candidates gain real-world application of ACCA concepts.
Builds employability—graduates with PER are ready for leadership roles.
Employers recognise PER as proof of a well-rounded professional.

In short, PER bridges the gap between academic knowledge and workplace competence.

What is ACCA Course Duration?

One of the most significant advantages of ACCA is the flexibility that it offers with regard to completing it. There is the option to run through the content very quickly or to take your time if your personal or professional commitments require that.

Overall Duration of ACCA

For graduates who have received exemptions, ACCA takes on average 2-3 years to complete; for students commencing immediately after Class 12, ACCA typically takes 3-4 years to complete. However, the ACCA completion timeframe varies depending on:

The number of exemptions awarded (if any).
How many exams does a candidate attempt per session?
The ability to balance studies alongside work.

ACCA Syllabus and Exam Structure

The ACCA syllabus is divided into three levels, with 13 exams in total (before exemptions):

ACCA Level	Number of Papers	Suggested Time to Complete
Applied Knowledge	3	6 months
Applied Skills	6	12-18 months
Strategic Professional	4	12-18 months

That means a fresh candidate without exemptions will take around 3 to 4 years, while those with a B.Com or CA background may finish in 2 to 2.5 years. The ACCA course duration is a key factor for many.

ACCA Exam Sessions

ACCA exams are conducted four times a year: March, June, September, and December.
Students can attempt up to 4 papers per session and a maximum of 8 papers in a year.
With focused preparation, a motivated student can fast-track the qualification.

ACCA Pathway Examples

Student Profile	Duration for Exams & Syllabus	Explanation
Class 12th Pass	3-4 years	Starts from Applied Knowledge, no exemptions
B.Com Graduate	2.5-3 years	Gets exemptions in some Applied Knowledge/Skills papers
CA Inter / CMA	1.5-2 years	Major exemptions directly enter the Skills or Strategic level

Important Note regarding PER: Regardless of how quickly students pass their exams, students are still required to have completed 36 months of Practical Experience Requirement (PER). PER usually runs concurrently with the exams (at least it is designed to), but in some instances, it may prolong how long it takes to finish.

What are ACCA Exemptions?

Exemptions allow students with prior qualifications to skip certain exams, saving time and effort.

Who is Eligible for ACCA Exemptions?

Commerce Graduates (B.Com, M.Com) – Exempted from some Applied Knowledge/Applied Skills papers.
CA / CA Inter – Multiple exemptions depending on completion stage.
CMA, CS, MBA – May receive exemptions for specific subjects.

Important Notes

Exemptions are not automatic; they must be applied for and approved by ACCA.
Students still pay a fee per exemption.
Exemptions do not reduce the PER requirement – work experience is still mandatory.

By using exemptions strategically, students can cut down the ACCA course duration and move faster toward becoming ACCA-qualified.

Candidates can check for applicable exemptions at the ACCA Exemption Calculator.

Check Now

ACCA Exams: Levels, Subjects & Pass Rates

Understanding recent pass rates offers a perspective on exam difficulty and preparation strategies.

Overall ACCA Exam Stats (June 2025 Sitting)

111,639 students registered, with 128,651 exams completed.
4,527 candidates achieved affiliate status, completing all ACCA requirements. (ACCA Global)

Pass Rates by Paper (June 2025)

Level	Paper	Pass Rate %
Applied Knowledge	Business & Technology (BT)	88%
	Financial Accounting (FA)	68%
	Management Accounting (MA)	64%
Applied Skills	Corporate & Business Law (LW)	81%
	Taxation (TX)	54%
	Financial Reporting (FR)	50%
	Performance Management (PM)	43%
	Financial Management (FM)	48%
	Audit and Assurance (AA)	44%
Strategic Professional	Strategic Business Leader (SBL)	51%
	Strategic Business Reporting (SBR)	49%
	Advanced Audit and Assurance (AAA)	40%
	Advanced Financial Management (AFM)	46%
	Advanced Performance Management (APM)	40%
	Advanced Taxation (ATX)	49%

The ACCA Applied Knowledge level sees high pass rates, typically above 60-80%, as its focus is on foundational principles.

The ACCA Strategic Professional level is the most challenging, with pass rates between 40-51%, reflective of the depth and case-study style exams.

The higher-level ACCA exams are tougher because they test not just technical knowledge but also application in real-world business scenarios. This comprehensive understanding of ACCA subjects is vital.

Looking for smart ways to prepare? Explore our best free ACCA resources in this video to kickstart your journey with the right guidance.

Why Students and Professionals Choose ACCA?

ACCA distinguishes itself by bridging academic rigour with practical relevance, offering a framework that resonates with both emerging students and experienced professionals.

For students, it represents a structured pathway into the financial world that prioritises adaptability and future-oriented skills.

For professionals, it provides a means to remain competitive in a marketplace defined by technological change, regulatory evolution, and cross-border business dynamics.

Global Prestige and Recognition

ACCA member status is recognised and respected by employers around the world and is often seen as equivalent to master’s level qualifications, making the professionals very marketable globally. This outlines the answer to what ACCA is in terms of prestige.

Wide Variety of Career Options

Obtaining the ACCA qualification opens many different career paths in auditing, financial management, taxation, corporate finance, risk management and consulting. Employers include Big Four firms, multinational companies, government organisations and start-up ventures.

Competitive Salaries and Promotions

ACCA qualified professionals in India can expect salaries in the range of ₹6 lakh to ₹25 lakh per annum, depending on their experience and job function, along with multi-national experience, garnering even higher salaries at the senior level.

Worldwide, ACCA registered members have significant increases in salary and promotions due to the extensive skills and strategic understanding gained through their qualification. This is a fundamental part of ACCA salary and overall earning potential.

Continuous Professional Development

ACCA places a high focus on lifelong learning with its required CPD (Continuing Professional Development), which equally maintains or expands on the high standards of performance in the ever-changing environment of accounting and finance, and the rapid changes in technology.

Flexibility and Accessibility

Offered every year, the ACCA qualifications allow candidates to choose multiple sittings and also exemptions to build their own learning journey from prior learning qualifications.

With all of your exams being computer-based and the use of technology for your study, ACCA permits you to study and sit your exams anywhere in the world and supports working professionals to develop their careers.

Trends Shaping the Future of ACCA in 2025

The market for ACCAs is driven by these primary global trends:

Digital Finance Transformation: Analytics, AI and Cloud finance skills are now embedded into the ACCA syllabus.
Sustainability & ESG Reporting: Companies are required to present sustainability metrics, and ACCA are leading.
Remote Work & International Careers: ACCA professionals are finding opportunities across borders faster than ever.
Post-Pandemic Recovery: ACCA professionals are forging their companies’ corporate recovery and restructuring.

How to Start Your ACCA Journey

Deciding to start ACCA is a significant step; however, as you’ll see, the process can be straightforward when broken up into some simple steps. Unlike many professional qualifications, the ACCA offers various entry paths, exemptions and study modes, which makes it a popular choice for students and working professionals.

Step 1: Register on ACCA Global

Your first step is to register as a student on the official ACCA Global website. This will allow you access to the ACCA portal, resources for study, and important updates.

You can register at any time during the year; however, it is best to bring your registration in line with the next exam session.

Step 2: Check the Eligibility

In order to register for ACCA in India, the basic eligibility requirement is a Class 12th qualification with Accounts and Maths with at least 65% in both subjects and at least 50% in other subjects. Many graduates (B.Com, BBA, MBA) or other professionals (CA, CMA, CS) are also eligible, often with exemptions.

If you do not meet these criteria, you also have the option to start with the Foundations in Accountancy (FIA) qualifications that allow you to get into ACCA later on. This qualification covers the important ACCA eligibility criteria.

Step 3: Choose a Learning Partner

You can study ACCA on your own; however, the majority of students study with the help of structured coaching. Enrolling with an Approved Learning Partner (ALP) such as Imarticus Learning ensures you get live online classes, mock tests, mentorship, and exam prep tailored to ACCA’s standards.

It offers ACCA coaching in collaboration with KPMG India, backed by Kaplan content, live classes, and a placement guarantee. This increases your chances of clearing papers on the first attempt.

Step 4: Plan Exam Progression

The ACCA qualification has three levels and 13 exams (before exemptions). Plan how many papers you’ll attempt each session. Many students aim to finish in 2-3 years by giving 2-3 exams per sitting. Working professionals may prefer a slower pace.

Step 5: Complete PER & EPSM Alongside Exams

To become a fully qualified ACCA member, you must complete 36 months of Practical Experience Requirement (PER) and the Ethics and Professional Skills Module (EPSM). It’s recommended to pursue these alongside your exams, so you don’t face delays after finishing the syllabus.

Step 6: Stay Consistent and Network

Consistency is the key to cracking ACCA. Build a study routine, track your progress, and stay updated with exam changes. Engage with ACCA student communities, LinkedIn groups, and forums to exchange resources and experiences. Networking with peers and mentors can also open doors to internships and job opportunities.

By following these steps strategically, you can ensure a smooth ACCA journey and position yourself for a rewarding global career in finance and accounting.

Life After ACCA: Career Paths

For ACCA-qualified professionals, the designation is a launchpad into a spectrum of specialised and leadership-oriented careers. The strength of ACCA lies in its global portability and its integration of finance, strategy, and governance, enabling members to transition seamlessly across industries and geographies.

Graduates often find themselves in roles that extend well beyond traditional accounting, managing cross-border mergers, leading sustainability reporting, steering financial transformation projects, or shaping corporate strategy in multinational firms, to name a few.

Career Opportunities with ACCA

ACCA members work in a variety of roles, including but not limited to:

Financial Accountant: Handling daily financial operations, reporting, and compliance.
Auditor: Conducting audits to assess financial health and compliance.
Tax Consultant: Advising organisations on tax matters and compliance.
Management Accountant: Budgeting, forecasting, and financial planning.
Financial Analyst: Evaluating business performance and investment opportunities.
Corporate Finance Advisor: Supporting mergers, acquisitions, and capital management.
Chief Financial Officer (CFO): Leading financial strategy and governance.

Additional growing roles include:

Forensic Accountant: Investigating financial discrepancies and fraud using data analytics.
Risk Manager: Identifying and managing financial and operational risks within organisations.
Internal Auditor: Monitoring internal controls and compliance to improve organisational processes.
Compliance Officer: Ensuring adherence to statutory regulations and corporate policies.
Business Consultant: Providing strategic advice on financial management and efficiency improvements.
Financial Controller: Overseeing the company’s accounting functions and financial reporting.
Treasury Analyst: Managing company cash flow, investments, and financial risk.
Sustainability Reporting Specialist: Preparing ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) reports aligned with global standards.

Roles in financial technology (FinTech) and digital finance transformation are also growing rapidly, as businesses adopt advanced analytics and automation in financial functions.

Because ACCA is globally recognised, professionals can pursue opportunities across diverse industries—including banking and financial services, consulting, government agencies, multinational corporations, startups, and non-profits—allowing flexibility and upward mobility in their careers worldwide.

Student Testimonial → ACCA learner success stories

Rishabh Rai’s ACCA Journey: Transforming Careers with Imarticus Learning – YouTube

ACCA Scope and Salary in India and Abroad

One of the biggest reasons students choose ACCA is the global career scope it offers. The qualification is recognised in 180+ countries, including the UK, Canada, UAE, Singapore, and Australia, making it a powerful passport to international opportunities.

ACCA Scope in India

In India, demand for ACCA professionals has grown rapidly due to the adoption of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), the entry of multinational companies, and the Big 4 accounting firms’ expansion of their operations.

Top recruiters include EY, PwC, Deloitte, KPMG, BDO, Grant Thornton, Accenture, and TCS. With India’s growing integration into global markets, ACCAs are increasingly hired for roles traditionally reserved for CAs. Understanding what is ACCA in accounting in the Indian context is vital.

ACCA Scope Abroad

Internationally, ACCA members are highly valued for their expertise in accounting, auditing, and financial strategy. Countries like the UK, UAE, Canada, and Singapore actively hire ACCA professionals across banking, consulting, and corporate finance. ACCA is considered a direct route to leadership roles like Finance Manager, CFO, or Partner in global firms.

Average Salaries of ACCA Professionals

One of the biggest advantages of becoming ACCA-qualified is the strong salary potential it offers. From entry-level roles to senior leadership, ACCA professionals enjoy competitive pay in India and abroad, reflecting the global value of the qualification.

Here are a few roles in which you can work after becoming an ACCA:

Financial Analysts
- India: ₹6-8 LPA
- Abroad: $55,000 – $65,000
Management Accountant
- India: ₹7-10 LPA
- Abroad: $60,000 – $70,000
Statutory Auditors
- India: ₹8-12 LPA
- Abroad: $65,000 – $75,000
Taxation Managers
- India: ₹9-14 LPA
- Abroad: $70,000 – $80,000
Risk & Compliance Manager
- India: ₹10-15 LPA
- Abroad: $75,000 – $90,000
Finance Managers
- India: ₹12-18 LPA
- Abroad: $80,000 – $100,000

And for the truly experienced folks at the top, a CFO with over a decade of experience could be looking at well over ₹40 LPA in India – and a fantastic $150,000 – $200,000 abroad!

Note: Salaries vary based on location, employer, and years of experience.

Top Countries Hiring ACCA Professionals

Employers recognise the rigour of ACCA and reward its members with compensation packages that reflect both global credibility and strategic capability.

What sets ACCA apart is the breadth of opportunities: professionals can begin with competitive salaries in analytical and managerial roles, and over time, progress into leadership positions where remuneration scales sharply.

Country	Average Salary Range (USD)	Popular Roles
United Kingdom	$55,000 – $120,000	Auditor, Tax Consultant, Finance Manager
United Arab Emirates	$65,000 – $110,000	Risk Manager, CFO, Management Accountant
Singapore	$60,000 – $115,000	Financial Analyst, Treasury Manager, Controller
Canada	$60,000 – $105,000	Auditor, Compliance Officer, Finance Manager
Australia	$65,000 – $110,000	Corporate Finance Advisor, Financial Controller

Key Notes:

In India, Fresh ACCA affiliates start at ₹6-8 LPA, with senior roles crossing ₹40 LPA.
Abroad: Salaries are significantly higher, with mid-level managers easily earning $70,000-$100,000 annually.
Career growth is faster due to ACCA’s global recognition and employer demand.

Clearly, ACCA is not just a certification but a career accelerator, opening high-paying roles both in India and internationally. The ACCA salary overview confirms its lucrative nature.

ACCA vs Other Global Finance Certifications

Many students compare ACCA with CPA (US), CA (India), and CFA. Here’s a quick breakdown:

Certification	Duration	Recognition	Focus Area	Difficulty	Cost
ACCA	2-3 years	Global (180+ countries)	Accounting, Finance, Strategy	Moderate-High	₹2.5-3.5 L
CPA (US)	1-1.5 years	US + some global recognised	Accounting, Audit, Tax	High	₹2-2.5 L
CA (India)	4-5 years	India	Accounting, Audit, Law	Very High	Low
CFA	2-4 years	Global	Investments, Portfolio Management	High	₹3-4 L

For those seeking international mobility and career diversity, ACCA stands out.

Watch Video → ACCA vs CMA vs CFA vs CPA vs FRM – Best Global Finance Certification After B.Com?

Why Choose Imarticus Learning for ACCA Training in 2025?

Choosing Imarticus Learning ensures a robust and career-aligned ACCA preparation experience:

Gold Status ACCA Learning Partner

Imarticus is recognised as a Gold Status Learning Partner by ACCA globally, demonstrating commitment to quality education and an updated curriculum.

Collaboration with KPMG India

Courses offered in partnership with KPMG India bring industry-relevant insights and practical exposure.
Curriculum powered by Kaplan, ACCA’s approved content provider, ensures best-in-class learning materials.
Certification jointly with KPMG India enhances global recognition and credibility.

Exam and Career Support

Money-back guarantee if you don’t clear all ACCA Professional Level exams exemplifies confidence in results.
Dedicated placement support includes pre-placement bootcamps, soft skills training, resume building, and assured interviews with top recruiters.
100% placement or internship guarantee upon successful completion of early ACCA levels to jumpstart your career with ACCA training.

Flexible Learning Modes

Live interactive sessions and on-demand classes allow working professionals to balance study and work effortlessly.
Expert faculty with industry experience ensure practical learning beyond textbooks.

Register Now

Frequently Asked Questions About ACCA

If you’re considering ACCA, it’s natural to have questions about the course, its benefits, and the career opportunities it can open up. In this section, we’ve answered some of the most frequently asked questions to help you get a clear understanding before you take the next step.

What is ACCA and why is it important?

The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) is a worldwide recognised professional qualification in accounting and finance. Its importance comes from the fact that it is a combination of technical expertise, strategic leadership skills, and global recognition in over 180+ countries. This global recognition makes it one of the most prized potential credentials in the finance world.

Who can pursue ACCA?

Anyone who has completed Class 12 with Accounts and Mathematics is eligible to start ACCA in India. Graduates and working professionals in commerce, finance, or business can also pursue ACCA, often with exemptions from certain papers depending on prior qualifications (like B.Com, CA Inter, or MBA). This covers the ACCA eligibility requirements.

What is the full form of ACCA?

The ACCA full form, the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA), has over half a million students around the world. With that, it is one of the most valued qualifications out there in the financial qualification space.

How is the ACCA qualification structured?

The ACCA journey includes:

Applied Knowledge (3 papers)
Applied Skills (6 papers)
Strategic Professional (4 papers – 2 compulsory + 2 optional)
Ethics & Professional Skills Module (EPSM)
36 months of Practical Experience Requirement (PER)

This ensures candidates gain both academic knowledge and practical industry experience. Understanding the ACCA subjects is key here.

How long does it take to complete ACCA?

On average, ACCA takes 2-3 years to complete, depending on exemptions, exam planning, and how quickly a student clears papers. Working professionals often take longer to balance studies with work. This is the typical ACCA course duration.

What is the pass rate for ACCA exams?

Pass rates vary by exam level.

Applied Knowledge: 60-88% (comparatively higher)
Applied Skills: 43-54%
Strategic Professional: 40-51% (most challenging)

These figures highlight the progressive difficulty as students move from fundamentals to advanced strategy.

Is ACCA recognised globally?

Yes. ACCA is recognised in 180+ countries and has mutual recognition agreements with leading accounting bodies like CPA Canada, CA ANZ, and HKICPA. This makes it one of the most internationally portable qualifications compared to region-specific ones like CA (India).

What career opportunities are available after ACCA?

ACCA opens doors to diverse roles such as:

Financial Accountant
Auditor / Internal Auditor
Tax Consultant
Management Accountant
Corporate Finance Advisor
Risk Manager
CFO or Finance Controller
ESG & Sustainability Reporting Specialist

Opportunities exist across industries – Big 4 firms, MNCs, banks, startups, and government organisations. This highlights what is ACCA in accounting and its broad applicability.

How much can ACCA professionals earn?

In India (2025):

Freshers: ₹8-10 LPA
Mid-level (5–10 yrs): ₹15-24 LPA
Senior leaders (10+ yrs): ₹30-50 LPA+ (CFO, Controller)

Globally, ACCA professionals in the UK, UAE, and Singapore can earn six-figure salaries depending on role and experience. This is the typical ACCA salary range.

How does ACCA compare to other qualifications like CA, CPA, or CFA?

ACCA: 2-3 years, global recognition, accounting + finance + strategy, moderate-high difficulty.
CA (India): 4-5 years, India-focused, very high difficulty.
CPA (US): 1-1.5 years, US-focused, accounting + audit.
CFA: 2-4 years, investment & portfolio management.

ACCA is ideal for those seeking international mobility and diverse finance roles.

Why should I choose Imarticus Learning for ACCA preparation?

Imarticus Learning is a Gold Status ACCA Learning Partner, offering:

Training in collaboration with KPMG India
Kaplan-powered study materials (official ACCA provider)
100% placement or internship guarantee
Money-back assurance if professional-level exams are not cleared
Flexible online learning with expert faculty

This ensures industry-aligned preparation and strong career outcomes.

Conclusion

So, what is ACCA? It’s much more than just another professional qualification. It is the international passport into a career in accounting, finance, consulting, and business leadership.

It equips you with technical knowledge, strategic skills, and global recognition.
It provides career opportunities with top employers and starting salaries of ₹8-10 LPA in India.
It prepares you for the future of finance with an emphasis on technology and sustainability.

If you believe you are ready to take the next step, register for the ACCA program at Imarticus Learning, the first and only approved cert prep provider for ACCA, CPA, CFA and CMA in India. With arm’s-length learning from mentors, KPMG-led master classes, and guaranteed placement support, we support your ACCA journey.

What is FRM? The Ultimate Guide For 2025

Posted on September 26, 2025November 14, 2025 by Imarticus Learning

When you spend enough time around banks, fintechs, or trading floors, you realise something quickly. In finance, risk isn’t a footnote or an afterthought. It’s the main plot. For professionals, this is both a challenge and an opening.

If you can measure, explain, and act on risk, you’re not just another analyst; you’re the person boards and regulators want at the table. This is precisely where the FRM certification makes a difference.

It provides finance professionals with the knowledge, credibility, and confidence to move past implementation and toward leadership.

If you’ve ever wondered to yourself, What is FRM? What does an FRM do? Is FRM worth it in India? This guide lays out what FRM means today. The eligibility requirements, the testing format, the skills you’ll need, and the paths it can unlock in India and across the world. You’ll also see how FRM compares to other finance designations or credentials, what salary bands are realistic, and how to prepare for the exam without burning out.

Did you know over 90,000 FRMs work in more than 190 countries, with employers like JP Morgan, Deloitte, and BlackRock?

What is FRM Certification? Why Does It Matter?

The Financial Risk Manager (FRM) designation is a premier certification granted by the Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP). It certifies your capability to identify, assess, and respond to risk in a complex financial environment.

Unlike a number of other finance certifications, FRM focuses solely on risk across the full spectrum from market, credit, operational, to emerging areas such as climate and fintech risk. Today’s volatile business environment has made FRM-certified professionals indispensable.

“Modern finance is defined by new kinds of risks. FRM is the toolkit to deal with them.”

FRM is recognised worldwide as the benchmark for risk expertise. At its core, the FRM is about proving you can think like a risk professional when the stakes are highest. In practice, being FRM-certified means you’re trained to see the unseen.

Think about when you carry an umbrella in the morning, even if the skies look clear, just in case it rains! You’re judging a small risk (rain) and preparing for it. FRMs do something similar, but at a much bigger scale. For example, while headlines track the stock falls, an FRM studies the chain reaction, from loan portfolios to cash flows, and the possibility of missed payments.

🔍 What FRMs Do Differently

Trace risk ripple effects beyond immediate headlines

⬇

Build and run stress tests that guide strategy.

⬇

Anticipate multi-sector impacts (e.g., oil price → loan defaults)

The certification arms you with the tools to make these calls. You learn to measure risks, design stress tests, and frame “what if” scenarios that test the resilience of portfolios and institutions. One of the daily tasks as a risk analyst involves stress-testing loan books, running models that ask, What happens if interest rates rise by 200 basis points overnight? The answers aren’t academic; they feed directly into boardroom decisions about capital buffers, hedging strategies, and client contracts.

What makes FRM matter today is the way risks themselves have evolved. It’s no longer just about market or credit losses; you’d need to evaluate exposures in areas like cybersecurity breaches, fintech disruptions, and even climate-related events. An FRM professional is expected to not only quantify these risks but also present them in a way that decision-makers can act upon quickly and confidently.

In my career, I’ve seen how organisations lean on FRM-certified professionals during turbulence. When a regulatory stress test flags potential vulnerabilities in the liquidity profile, an FRM’s analysis and recommendations directly shape the mitigation plans.

That’s why FRM has the reputation to its name: it signals that you can operate in this environment of constant uncertainty with clarity, discipline, and foresight. For a finance professional, it’s the step from being a participant in the system to being a guardian of its stability.

✨ In Simple Terms:

FRM = Ability to anticipate risks + skills to act decisively + credibility that leadership trusts.

What makes the FRM certification matter is its focus on preparing professionals for this constant cycle of risk identification and response. Beyond traditional market and credit risk, it brings attention to evolving areas such as climate-related financial exposure, fintech disruptions, and regulatory compliance pressures.

Learn more about how you can get an FRM Certification with this PDF from Imarticus Learning, an official GARP-approved FRM Exam Prep Provider.

FRM Eligibility in 2025: Who Can Take the Exam?

The FRM course is appealing to such a wide swath of candidates because it does not confine you to rigid eligibility requirements. An MBA generally requires work experience before choosing it, and the CFA expects finance candidates. The FRM is appropriate for everyone willing to pursue a career in risk management. Having said that, it is important for every candidate to know some practical considerations before registering.

Why This Matters

FRM’s eligibility framework makes it inclusive yet rigorous. You don’t need to prove you belong to finance before entering—but you’ll certainly be tested on whether you can keep up with its demands. For Indian candidates, this openness is particularly valuable: even engineering graduates, chartered accountants, or MBA students can pivot towards risk management by taking the exam.

Educational Requirements

There are no mandatory education profiles and qualifications to register for the FRM Part I exam. GARP does not require you to have a certain degree to register. You could be a student in undergrad, a recent graduate, or a working professional.

However, here’s the catch:

Candidates who successfully hold a bachelor’s degree usually with a background in either finance, economics, mathematics, statistics, engineering, or business management.
The exam is very quantitative. If your background has not given you a solid groundwork in mathematics, probability, or a little statistics, you will likely need to dedicate extra time to solidify your preparation.

So while GARP doesn’t mandate a degree, the implicit requirement is comfort with numbers, models, and analytical reasoning.

Work Experience Requirement

To earn the official FRM designation, passing the exams alone isn’t enough. You also need to demonstrate a minimum of two years of relevant work experience in risk, finance, trading, portfolio management, auditing, consulting, or analytics.

Key points about the work experience criteria:

The experience can be completed before, during, or after you clear the exam.
It doesn’t have to be in a traditional bank. Roles in fintech, insurance, credit rating, corporate finance, or regulatory organisations also count.
Internships and part-time jobs typically do not qualify. GARP expects full-time, professional exposure.

What this means is you could sit for both Part I and Part II as a university student, but your “FRM Certified” badge will only be awarded once you complete the two-year work requirement and submit the verification.

Age and Location Flexibility

There is no age limit to take the FRM.

Many candidates appear for the exam while still in their early twenties, but it’s not uncommon to see mid-career professionals—say, a 35-year-old credit analyst—taking it to pivot into senior risk management roles.
Notably, the FRM is genuinely global. In 2024, exams were offered in 90+ exam centres globally — in India, in Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Chennai (which are all major cities in India), to name a few.
In 2025, GARP continued this global reach, making it accessible, no matter where you may be located.

Registration & Enrollment Prerequisites

Before appearing, candidates must:

Register with GARP (one-time enrollment fee of $400).
Pay the exam fee ($600–$1,000, depending on early vs late registration).
Have a valid passport or government-issued ID (mandatory for exam day).

No recommendation letters, GMAT scores, or prior certifications are needed. The simplicity of enrollment is a big part of FRM’s appeal.

How Do You Get FRM Certification?

Becoming an FRM is a journey with defined checkpoints — enrolling with GARP, passing both exam parts, and proving two years of risk-related experience. Each step builds credibility and brings you closer to a globally recognised badge of expertise.

A simple step-by-step journey that shows you exactly how to go from registering for the exam to earning the FRM credential. Follow these milestones to stay on track and achieve your certification with confidence.

step by step guide to what is FRM certifications showing 8 key stages

Why FRM Certification Accelerates Finance Career Growth

Unlike generic finance programs, FRM adds both depth and breadth to your professional profile. It brings:

Credibility with Employers: Hiring managers instantly recognise FRM as proof of advanced risk skills.
Versatility in Roles: You can work in banking, insurance, consulting, or even tech companies, managing risk.
Future-Proofing: As regulations tighten, FRM-certified professionals will be in even higher demand.
Global Reach: It’s recognised in every major financial hub—London, New York, Singapore, and Mumbai.

FRM Exam Structure

Before diving into the details, it’s important to understand how the FRM exam is organised. The structure sets the pace for your preparation and gives you a clear view of what lies ahead.

The Journey in Short

Two computer-based exams (MCQ): Part I (100 questions), Part II (80 questions); 4 hours each.
Windows now run in May, August, and November (good flexibility if work gets in the way).
Average reported study time: ~240 hours per part (ranges widely by background).

FRM Topics and weightage (what you’re actually tested on)

Domain	Part I	Part II
Foundations of Risk Management	20%	–
Quantitative Analysis	20%	–
Financial Markets & Products	30%	–
Valuation & Risk Models	30%	–
Market Risk Measurement & Management	–	20%
Credit Risk Measurement & Management	–	20%
Operational Risk & Resilience	–	20%
Liquidity & Treasury Risk	–	15%
Risk Management & Investment Management	–	15%
Current Issues in Financial Markets	–	10%

See GARP’s 2025 Candidate Guide and Learning Objectives for the canonical list and readings.

A few things to keep in mind:

Pass Part II within 4 years of passing Part I.
Submit experience within 10 years of sitting Part II.
Study materials: official 2025 books (Part I/II), Learning Objectives, practice exams via the GARP portal.

⏱️ Time cost: plan 200–300 hours per part, depending on your base. GARP’s survey median is near ~240 hours.

Who Should Pursue FRM?

FRM attracts a certain kind of professional: the ones who don’t shy away when models fail, markets shake, or regulators raise the bar. They want to learn the mechanics of risk and apply them where it matters.

Backgrounds for FRM that align well

Engineering/Math/Statistics folks moving into quant risk, model validation, or analytics.
Finance/Economics/Accounting grads aiming for credit, market, or treasury risk.
Data/ML professionals in fintech/banks who need risk grounding for model risk governance.

You don’t need a finance degree; you do need comfort with numbers and the patience to read technical material. GARP doesn’t impose a degree prerequisite; your relevance is proven by passing the exams and your subsequent work. (GARP)

Who benefits the most

FRM Course benefits people already in: credit underwriting, ALM/treasury, trading risk, stress testing, ERM, operational resilience, or model risk who want structure, credibility, and mobility.
Consultants servicing banks/fintechs on Basel IV, IRRBB, climate, operational resilience, or capital planning.

Who may not need it

If your ambition lies in equity research, investment banking deal teams, or corporate FP&A, the CFA or a focused MBA may serve you better.
The FRM certification is the specialist route for those aiming to build careers in the risk backbone of financial institutions.

FRM Salary in India

The FRM Course equips you to master global finance challenges. FRM salary depends on city, employer type, and how quantitative the role is. Publicly shared data points (self-reported) give a sensible range, as follows.

How do FRM Salaries look globally

Global roles are accessible to FRMs as companies worldwide hire them to play pivotal roles in risk management across various domains.

US Risk Analyst total pay is around $99K median (wide dispersion by bank and city).

Indicative total pay (India)

Risk/Market Risk Analyst – India: median around ₹8–17 LPA, interquartile roughly ₹8.6L–₹18.9L, with 90th percentiles approaching ₹29L.
Market Risk Analyst – Mumbai: averages reported around ₹14.3 LPA, with a band near ₹10L–₹18L and higher outliers.
Risk Analyst – Mumbai (for broader risk titles): median near ₹9 LPA, band ₹5.5L–₹17L.
Risk Analyst – Bengaluru: several submissions cluster ₹8–20.5 LPA median.

Misconceptions About FRM

For all its credibility, the FRM certification is often surrounded by misconceptions that confuse professionals considering the path. Having mentored students for FRM, I’ve heard these myths repeated more times than I can count — in interviews, from colleagues, and even in online forums. Let’s clear them up.

FRM is only for quants.

It’s true that the exam leans heavily on quantitative concepts like value at risk, probability distributions, regression analysis, etc. But in practice, FRM roles are not about sitting in a corner building equations all day.

A risk manager has to bridge models with real-world decision-making. For instance, when a trading desk’s model flags a sudden liquidity squeeze, the FRM is the one who explains what that means for the bank’s funding costs and what the board should do about it.

FRM is Harder than CFA.

This one is a favourite debate on forums. The truth is, comparing FRM and CFA is like comparing an apple to an orange. CFA tests breadth across investments, portfolio management, and ethics.

FRM tests depth in risk. Candidates who enjoy applied problem-solving often find FRM more intuitive.

For example, a CFA question may ask you to value a bond. While an FRM question may push you to test what happens to that bond if rates jump 200 basis points overnight. The level of difficulty isn’t higher or lower; it’s targeted to a different skill set.

You Need Prior Banking Experience for FRM.

Another myth I hear often. Many successful FRM candidates come from consulting, IT, statistics, or even engineering backgrounds. In fact, the growing importance of fintech and data-driven risk functions has opened doors for professionals who never sat in a bank before. What matters is how you can apply the FRM toolkit.

I recall mentoring an engineer who had zero exposure to financial products. Within three years of earning FRM, he was leading a model risk validation team at a global bank because he could combine technical skills with risk frameworks.

FRM Guarantees a CRO Role.

The FRM is a passport, not a destination. It signals credibility, but climbing to the top to Chief Risk Officer, Partner, or equivalent, also requires leadership, governance, and business judgment.

Think of it this way: the FRM puts you in the room when critical conversations happen, but how far you go in that room depends on your ability to influence and lead. I’ve seen FRMs rise quickly when they paired the certification with real-world exposure.

👉 By separating fact from fiction, you start to see FRM for what it really is: a rigorous, respected certification that prepares you for a specialised role in finance — but one that still requires you to build complementary skills and experiences along the way.

An Overview of FRM, CFA, and PRM

If you see your career through a risk lens, the FRM makes sense in a way no other certification does.

While the CFA frames you as an investment strategist and the CPA as a numbers authority, the FRM defines you as the person who anticipates shocks, models uncertainty, and steadies the ship when markets wobble. That’s a different kind of credibility.

Dimension	FRM	CFA	PRM
Name	Financial Risk Manager	Chartered Financial Analyst	Professional Risk Manager
Focus	Risk management (credit, market, liquidity, op-risk, resilience, AI/ESG risk under “current issues”)	Broad finance: equity, fixed income, corporate finance, portfolio mgmt.	Risk management, modular approach (credit, market, operational).
Admin Body	GARP (Global Association of Risk Professionals)	CFA Institute	PRMIA (Professional Risk Managers’ International Association)
Duration	2 parts; many complete in 18–24 months	3 levels; usually 2.5–4 years	4 exams; modular, can be quicker
Exam Windows	May, Aug, Nov (CBT worldwide)	Feb, May, Aug, Nov (staggered by level)	Flexible scheduling
Work Experience Requirement	2 years (risk-related)	4 years (any investment/finance-related)	2 years (risk/finance-related)
Cost (excluding materials)	$400 enrolment + $600–$1,000 per part	$940 enrolment + $1,250 per level (approx. total $3,000–4,000)	$400 enrolment + $1,500–2,000 total
Recognition	Strong in banks, consulting, regulators, fintechs (risk-centric roles)	Strongest overall brand in global finance	Recognised, but smaller footprint
Best Fit	Risk managers, quants, treasury/ALM, resilience experts	Portfolio managers, investment analysts, and corporate finance	Risk specialists are looking for an alternative pathway

Numbers reflect GARP’s current fee schedule and structure; CFA/PRM details vary by window and provider.

Practical rule: If you want to be the person running risk (limits, stress, capital/liquidity, model governance), FRM fits. If you want to pick securities or work in client-facing investments, CFA fits. If you’re pure quant/dev, consider an FRM + targeted quant course stack.

Where Roles are Clustering

Mumbai: market/treasury risk, liquidity, large-bank credit portfolios.
Bengaluru: analytics/model risk for banks, global capability centres, payment/fintech risk.
Gurgaon/Hyderabad/Pune: consulting delivery hubs, wholesale credit analytics, stress testing.

What Employers Now ask for (Beyond FRM)

Ability to translate risk metrics into decisions (e.g., “what do we change Monday morning?”).
Comfort with data tooling (SQL + Python/R) for validation and challenger models.
Awareness of resilience regulation and third-party risk expectations.

👉 Takeaway: While salaries vary by industry and geography, FRM-certified professionals consistently earn 30–40% higher packages compared to their non-certified peers.

FRM vs CFA vs PRM

When finance professionals look at advancing their careers, three credentials often dominate the conversation: FRM, CFA, and PRM. Each opens doors, but in very different directions. The real question is not deciding which is “better,” but what aligns with the role you see yourself in five years from now. Be it steering risk frameworks, managing investments, or specialising in niche risk domains.

Differentiator	FRM	CFA	PRM
Primary Focus on Risk Management	✅	❌	✅
Global Recognition in Banking & Regulators	✅	✅	✅
Popularity in India & Asia	✅	✅	❌
Depth in Credit, Market & Operational Risk	✅	❌	✅
Coverage of Investment & Portfolio Management	❌	✅	❌
Quantitative & Statistical Emphasis	✅	❌	✅
Suitability for Risk Modelling & Analytics	✅	❌	✅
Exam Flexibility & Windows	✅	❌	✅
Average Completion Time (<2.5 Years)	✅	❌	✅
Work Experience Requirement (2–4 Years)	✅	✅	✅
Cost Effectiveness (Exam + Enrolment)	✅	❌	✅
Industry Acceptance Among Regulators (RBI, BIS, SEC)	✅	✅	✅
Wider Job Profiles (IB, Equity, Corporate Finance)	❌	✅	❌
CRO / Risk Head Career Path	✅	❌	✅
Global Exam Centres & Reach	✅	✅	✅
Breadth of Curriculum (Generalist vs Specialist)	❌	✅	❌
Strong Demand Post-2008 Crisis & Basel Norms	✅	❌	✅
Flexibility in Exam Attempts	✅	❌	✅
Recognition in FinTech & Climate Risk Roles	✅	❌	❌
Accessibility for Non-Finance Graduates	✅	❌	✅

Still unsure which certification is best for you? Watch this video to solidify your decision!

Why FRM is the Smartest Career Move Today

The finance industry is amidst a shift. We still tend to think balance sheets are at the heart of it. But what really defines the strength of an institution, increasingly today, is how well it manages uncertainty.

The New Reality of Risk

Markets are more sensitive to global events, new technologies like AI carry risks that are tough to quantify, and regulators require a level of transparency that wasn’t asked for just a decade ago.

“In risk meetings today, the biggest question is not about the numbers. It’s about the unknowns those numbers may be hiding.”

Beyond Credit and Trading Limits

The conversations in risk teams today are very different from even five years ago. It’s no longer just about calculating credit exposures or setting trading limits.

Today, risk professionals need to ask:

What happens if AI-generated trading strategies distort liquidity?
How do we measure exposure to a supply chain shock caused by climate events?
Will a fintech partnership introduce hidden operational risks?

These are questions no algorithm alone can answer; you need trained professionals who can step in, interpret signals, and guide action. An FRM makes you step up to all these as a sought-after professional in the business world.

What Companies Expect Now

I’ve heard more than enough stories from my mentees about how they need to brief leadership teams on how a sudden regulatory update would reshape the capital allocation in less than three months.

The ability to break down a dense, technical problem into a strategy the board could act on is something FRM prepared you for. And this is precisely the skill companies are paying a premium for right now.

The Leadership Trajectory

For professionals eyeing leadership roles, the trajectory is clear: risk managers today are future CROs.

Boards are realising that planning for risk is a strategy. If you can show that you understand the risks shaping tomorrow’s business environment, you position yourself not just as a risk specialist but as someone who belongs in the decision-making circle.

And that’s the payoff of FRM: it’s a way of signalling that you’re prepared for the realities of modern finance, where risk defines both challenges and opportunities.

Behind every successful FRM professional is structured learning. Imarticus Learning’s FRM Certification course helps professionals make that connection.

FAQs About FRM

The right career move often comes down to the right answers. These FAQs address the doubts candidates ask most often.

What is FRM certification, and why is it important?

FRM is an internationally acknowledged certification that confirms your skills in risk management, provided by GARP. An individual earns the FRM certification as a way to demonstrate that they can handle market, credit, or operational risk in practice. For those who frequently inquire about what the FRM course is, it’s a certification that forms the basis on which you can launch your global career in risk.

Can FRM help in becoming a CRO?

Yes, an FRM can play a key role in establishing you in top-management or C-suite roles like a CRO. The vast majority of CROs and senior risk leaders throughout the world have an FRM designation. The program not only builds in terms of technical depth, but it also builds leadership credibility, and therefore provides a powerful pathway into a risk career. For those who are comparing what the difference is between CFA and FRM, FRM is specifically designed for risk leadership roles.

What is the FRM salary in India?

An entry-level analyst might expect starting salaries in the range of ₹6-9 LPA, while CROs are earning ₹35 LPA or beyond. FRMs get pay increases at a higher rate when compared to their peers or counterparts in the industry, as risk professionals typically make more than 30-40% on pay packages. If you are wondering what is FRM course in India is worth, the pay-off is leveraged due to the demand for the individual.

What does an FRM do?

FRMs assess, produce, and reduce financial risks through banking, insurance, consulting, and fintech sectors. They deal with models, stress tests, compliance, and governance to keep organisations secure. Anyone wondering what FRM is, it’s about protecting financial stability.

Is FRM better than CFA for risk management roles?

FRM is very specific about risk, while CFA is much broader in terms of investment and portfolio management. If you’re approaching the exam with a focus on trading desks, capital markets, or portfolio roles, then CFA is sufficient. However, if you’re trying to differentiate what CFA FRM is, the point is that FRM is the safer bet for risk-related roles.

What is the FRM exam structure like?

The FRM exam has two parts (part 1 has 100 questions) and part 2 has 80 4-hour exams. This exam is offered three times a year globally, including in India. If you are looking at what an FRM exam format looks like, anticipate quantitative, analytical, and scenario assessment.

How much does it cost to take an FRM course?

You can expect FRM course fees to include a one-time enrollment fee of $400 and exam fees ranging from $600–$1,000, depending on registration (early vs late).

What I’d Tell A Serious FRM Candidate

If you enjoy connecting the maths to the mess or numbers to narratives, FRM is a good investment. The certification alone won’t hand you a front-row seat; pairing it with applied project work (credit/market dashboards, liquidity stress playbooks, model reviews) is what unlocks opportunities and pay growth.

The path I generally recommend for most candidates in India:

Do your Part I
Take a risk internship/rotation or analytics role
Do Part II within a year
Ship a tangible project (e.g., ECL model review, liquidity stress automation, op-risk scenario pack)
Interview with evidence, not adjectives.

If you want structure for your prep, explore FRM preparation with Imarticus Learning that will keep you honest on timelines, mock cadence, and feedback loops—and make sure they orient around the official GARP materials rather than replacing them.

What is CMA? The Best Career Option In 2025

Posted on September 25, 2025November 14, 2025 by Imarticus Learning

Are you wondering, “What is CMA?” Commerce and Finance graduates often ponder this as a career path. Certified Management Accountant (CMA) is a prominent accounting and finance career path. It is globally recognised and opens doors to dynamic, leadership-oriented roles and global career opportunities in the field of management accounting and financial management.

In this fast-paced global market, driven by the rise in unicorn startups and the tremendous growth of Big 4 Accountancy Firms, there is a surge in demand for qualified accounting, management, and financial professionals. Amidst this demand for qualified professionals, many are asking, ‘What is CMA and how can it propel my career?’

CMA is one such professional qualification that is emerging and gaining international recognition across the industry. This guide will explain why CMA is projected to be the top career choice in 2025, covering its syllabus, exam details, scope, and career path.

What is the full form of CMA?

The full form of CMA is Certified Management Accountant.

The CMA course has two variants. Recognised institutions offer both.

IMA (Institute of Management Accountants) offers CMA in the US and has global recognition in over 150 countries.
ICMAI (Institute of Cost Accountants of India) offers CMA in India with limited international exposure; however, it is recognised by IMA.

CMA was previously known as the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants (ICWA), which was offered by ICWAI. ICWAI is now renamed The ICMAI (Institute of Cost Accountants of India).

So, with these different forms, what exactly is CMA’s core function in the business world?” or “Beyond its organisational structure, what is CMA in terms of its practical application?” Let’s also address the fundamental question: What is CMA?

What is CMA?

A CMA provides critical insights that drive profitability and sustainable growth within any organisation. CMAs are trained to analyse financial performance, predict scenarios, minimise risks, and help leadership teams to achieve operational efficiency and strategic business decisions.

What sets CMAs apart from other accountants is their focus on analysis and strategic influence. CMAs are trusted to shape the financial future of a business. As a CFA, their role carries significant analytical and strategic weight. Executive leadership, operational managers, and investors depend on their insights to make informed business decisions.

Imagine this: You’re planning a monthly household budget. You don’t just note how much you spent last month; you also decide, “If electricity bills rise, we’ll cut back on takeout. If there’s a bonus, we’ll save half and upgrade the fridge.” That’s what CMAs do for companies — they don’t stop at recording, they prepare for “what ifs.”

If you’re serious about CMA, here’s a bonus -Imarticus Learning is a Gold Learning Partner of IMA, which means you get official, trusted training with globally recognised guidance.

What is the CMA Course?

Having covered the basics, let’s explore in more detail: What is the CMA course, and how does it equip professionals for success?

CMA is a professional course offered by ICMAI to develop skilled professionals in the field of Cost and Management Accountancy and to perform exceptional service in the developing economy.

This often leads to the question: What is CMA offering that traditional paths might not? Careers in traditional financial fields like accounting, auditing, or taxation can become stagnant, with limited opportunities. The Certified Management Accountant (CMA) offers a fresh path with a highly recognised professional certification in the international market, equipping individuals with a comprehensive skill set to excel in management accounting, financial planning, decision analysis, and control.

In 2025, the demand for CMA professionals is soaring as companies need certified professionals for cost optimisation and improving operational efficiencies to maximise their profits in this emerging market.

Key Features of the CMA Program

When I look at the CMA (Certified Management Accountant, US CMA) credential, what stands out to me is how it’s designed to shape finance professionals into strategic leaders rather than just technical experts. When we consider these features, it becomes clear why many professionals are asking: What is CMA’s unique value proposition in today’s finance landscape?

One of the most underrated features is how adaptable CMA is across industries. I’ve worked with manufacturing setups where cost control is king, and I’ve advised in tech companies where forecasting and scenario analysis matter more. The CMA toolkit is broad enough to make you valuable in both places. That kind of versatility is rare in finance qualifications, and it’s what makes this certification future-proof.

And then there’s the global respect. I like to compare it to having a “common business language.” Wherever you go, whether it’s a consulting firm in London, a tech company in Bangalore, or a bank in New York, the CMA designation signals that you’re not just another accountant, but someone who understands the wider game of business. This opens doors that you didn’t even know existed when you started.

Finally, job security doesn’t come from a piece of paper. It comes from being the kind of professional who is difficult to replace. CMA equips you by helping build a comprehensive mindset, like control, analysis, strategy, and ethics. It strengthens your personality to hold up under pressure, to adapt to change, and to keep adding value – something that the present-day employer seeks!

Here are some of the features of CMA I find most important:

Comprehensive & Strategic Curriculum

I see the CMA syllabus covering much more than traditional accounting. It combines areas like strategic planning, risk management, decision analysis, performance management, and advanced cost control. To me, this makes it clear that CMAs are trained to think beyond the numbers and contribute to business strategy.

Think of this like when you’re cooking dinner for friends, you are following a recipe; tasting, adjusting salt, deciding whether to add another side dish depending on how many guests show up, etc. Similarly, preparing for a CMA helps you learn how to constantly monitor, adjust, and align your actions with the bigger picture.

Global Recognition & Credibility

In my view, one of the biggest advantages of the CMA is its global reach. Since CMA is backed by IMA, USA, it is recognised in over 150 countries. This gives professionals the flexibility to pursue careers internationally.

Rigorous Examination Structure

I find the exam format particularly strong-it has two parts that test both multiple-choice knowledge and essay-based application. This balance ensures that candidates aren’t just memorising concepts but also demonstrating how to apply them in real business scenarios.

Ethics & Professional Standards

I like how the program builds in a strong focus on ethics. It reinforces that finance leaders need not only technical expertise but also integrity and accountability.

Hands-On, Real-World Case Studies

From my perspective, the inclusion of case studies is a standout feature. They give learners the chance to practise problem-solving in situations that mirror real corporate challenges.

Technology & Analytics Focus

I also notice that the CMA program keeps pace with modern finance by incorporating analytics, ERP systems, and tech-driven decision-making. That emphasis makes it highly relevant for today’s data-driven roles.

Internship & Industry Immersion Opportunities

I think it’s valuable that learners may gain access to internships with leading firms. This kind of exposure helps them bridge the gap between classroom learning and industry practice.

Money-Back Guarantee / Risk Mitigation

Another aspect I appreciate is how some providers reduce the financial risk of enrolment with refund or guarantee options if a learner doesn’t pass.

Placement & Career-Readiness Support

I see career services as a big plus. Resume workshops, interview preparation, and placement bootcamps make the program more practical and outcome-focused.

Flexible Scheduling & Exam Windows

Finally, I like that the CMA offers flexible exam windows-Jan–Feb, May–June, and Sept–Oct-allowing candidates to plan around their schedules and take the two parts in any order.

How CMA adds value to your career

When I think about the CMA, I don’t just see it as an exam or a certificate I hang on my wall. It is a passport that changed how I looked at business, finance, and even my own career choices. What sets the CMA apart, at least in my experience, is not one single feature but the way multiple dimensions of professional life come together under its umbrella.

For example, the earning potential isn’t just about the extra numbers on a payslip. It’s about the confidence you carry when you walk into a room and know you can argue a financial case backed by global best practices. That confidence almost always gets noticed, and it often translates into better pay.

I’ve seen colleagues without the credential doing the same work, yet the way a CMA articulates solutions makes decision-makers listen differently.

Leadership, too, is not promised on paper-it’s something you grow into. What the CMA does is nudge you out of the comfort zone of pure accounting and into conversations about performance, growth, and strategy.

You stop being the person who “closes the books” and start becoming the one who advises on what to do with the numbers. Over time, that shift is what places CMAs in senior management and leadership tracks across industries.

Strong Conceptual Learning

↓

Practical Application in Business Decisions

↓

Global Recognition and Career Opportunities

↓

Professional Resilience in Changing Markets

↓

Pathway to Strategic Leadership Roles

Is CMA Worth It?

After exploring its features and value, the ultimate question remains: What is CMA truly worth for your career? If you are passionate about costing, management, or auditing but do not want to create a career in the stereotypical Accountant Pathway, CMA is the best option for you. The value of the CMA lies in how closely it aligns with the realities of modern finance. It prepares you for roles where analysis, planning, and decision-making are central.

Think of how you’d approach buying a new phone. You wouldn’t just look at the price tag; you’d compare features, durability, and resale value. A CMA’s role is similar — helping organisations look beyond cost and evaluate the long-term value of every decision.

Employers trust it because it signals readiness for responsibilities that go beyond recording transactions.

Factor	Benefits CMA Gives in the Real World
Credibility	Recognised as a benchmark in management accounting and financial management worldwide.
Career Growth	Opens pathways to mid and senior-level roles in planning, analysis, and decision support.
Skill Development	Builds expertise in strategic thinking, problem-solving, and financial decision-making.
Practical Relevance	Curriculum closely aligned with business performance and management practices.
Global Recognition	Accepted across industries and countries, enhancing mobility and opportunities.
Return on Effort	A concentrated exam structure allows professionals to qualify in a shorter time frame.
Employer Demand	Companies actively seek CMAs for their ability to connect finance with strategy.

A major reason the CMA is worth pursuing is credibility. A CMA credential reflects discipline, commitment, and the ability to apply knowledge in complex business environments. It shows that you have met rigorous global standards in management accounting and financial management.

CMAs often move into positions that involve planning, forecasting, and strategic support. These are roles with greater visibility and influence, and they often lead to faster progression within an organisation.

The curriculum is designed to sharpen problem-solving and critical thinking. Every concept is connected to improving performance, managing risk, or guiding long-term decisions. That makes the learning experience practical and relevant, rather than confined to academic theory.If you’re passionate about a career in management accounting, pursuing the US CMA is a powerful step.

Did you know?
The CMA doesn’t wait for complaints. It has the power to launch “market studies” – deep dives into entire sectors like mobile apps, care homes, or even the funeral industry! They’re like economic detectives, searching for hidden issues that stop competition from working fairly, even if no one has officially complained yet. If they find problems, they can demand changes!

CMA India vs US CMA

The Certified Management Accountant (CMA) India is offered by the ICMAI. It enables individuals to acquire expertise and skills in the domain of financial planning, analysis, control, decision-making, and professional ethics required to build a dynamic career in the field of cost and management accounting in India. It is recognised within India, some neighbouring countries, and the Middle East. It is highly recognised in the Indian government and the private sector, but is limited to global recognition.

The US CMA is offered by the IMA (Institute of Management Accountants). It enables individuals to gain expertise in the field of financial management and management accounting, to help professionals advance their careers internationally.

This professional certification is regarded as highly reputable in the field of management accounting. It is accepted in over 150 countries, making it the best choice for a career with global opportunities.

Other countries that offer CMA courses are Canada, Australia, the UAE and Saudi Arabia. These programs are local and usually country-specific with a domestic scope. The organising bodies have a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the IMA USA.

You can opt for these CMA courses if you plan to work in that specific country; however, the US CMA offers global exposure and international mobility.

The following explains the difference between a US CMA and CMA India in a more easy-to-understand manner.

Feature	US CMA	CMA India
Governing Body	Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), USA	Institute of Cost Accountants of India (ICAI)
Recognised In	150+ countries	India, some neighbouring countries in Asia, the Middle East, and Canada.
Exam Structure	2 Parts: Financial Planning & Strategic Financial Management	3 Levels: Foundation, Intermediate, Final
Exam Mode	Online at Prometric centres globally	Pen-and-paper mode, biannual exams
Global Recognition	High; recognised in 150+ countries	Moderate, mainly India and some international presence
Average Salary	Around $107,817 (approx. INR 80-90 lakhs)	INR 6-12 lakhs per year
Duration to Complete	6-18 months	2-3 years generally; 3.5-4 years including internship
Work Experience	2 years required, can be before or within 7 years after passing	3 years mandatory, including 15 months internship
Pass Rate	Approx. 40-50%	Low, around 10-20% due to course difficulty
Focus Areas	Strategic and Financial Management	Cost management, taxation, and regulatory compliance
Ideal For	International careers, MNCs, strategic roles	Careers in the Indian market, regulatory compliance
Exam Cost	$1,000 – $2,500	Approx. INR 50,000 – INR 100,000
Continuing Education	30 hours annually (including 2 hours ethics)	20 hours annually
Job Profiles	Financial Analyst, CFO, Management Accountant	Cost Accountant, Auditor, Tax Consultant

Candidates can choose between the Indian and the USA variant based on their career choices and interests. You can read the blog to decide which course is better for you: US CMA VS India CMA.

Who Can Pursue CMA?

Now that we’ve established what is CMA and its benefits, let’s look at who can embark on this journey. What interests me the most about the CMA journey is that it doesn’t just test your knowledge; it shapes the way you think about business.

The most common question in the minds of aspirants is:
What is CMA?
What is the CMA course eligibility?
Who can apply for CMA?

What is the eligibility needed for CMA after class 12?

Honestly, it’s not easy when these questions buzz in your mind. So let’s get a clear picture of the eligibility criteria for CMA:

Age Criteria: Candidates appearing for CMA have a minimum age limit of 18 years.
Educational Qualifications: Bachelor’s degree from a recognised University, ideally in the field of accounting, finance, business, or a related field, accepted by IMA.
Experience: You’ll also need at least 2 years of professional experience in management accounting or financial management.

Starting Your CMA Journey – Your Roadmap

No one is confident enough to clear the CMA Exam without following a proper pathway. It takes consistency, a rigorous study routine, strategy, patience, resilience and a clear approach. Many aspirants lose track, but with a strategic approach, the journey is less daunting and a lot more manageable.

Enrol yourself in a CMA Prep Program: The first step in your journey is most crucial for your success.
Build your Foundation: Dive deep into the core subjects by attending interactive lessons with dynamic content, quizzes, and exercises.
Take the help of Live Expert Support: Clarify your doubts from live online classes or dedicated Q&A sessions with experienced instructors.
Make use of Revision Support: Participate in intensive revision classes focusing on high-weightage topics, quick guides and personalised revision strategies.
Practice Well: Access practice questions covering all exam topics and take simulated exams under timed conditions to be prepared.
Register & Clear the CMA Exams: Get the IMA Membership, schedule the exam and successfully pass both parts to officially earn your prestigious US CMA credential.
Attend Placement Bootcamp: Attend the Resume Building Workshops, grab networking opportunities to connect with recruiters and industry professionals to expand your career network, participate in mock interviews, and receive constructive feedback.
Get Placed in Global Accounting Firms: Leverage your prep provider’s industry connections for opportunities with top firms.

If you’re looking to elevate your career beyond traditional accounting roles and truly drive an organisation’s success, understanding what is CMA and what it entails is your crucial first step.

CMA Course Duration

One can complete the US CMA Course in about 6 to 12 months for both parts.

A few factors that can reduce or increase the duration for certain candidates:

Pace of study: Candidates who dedicate 12 to 15 hours per day to self-study or enrol themselves in a professional training institute can complete the course anywhere between a span of 6 to 8 months.
Prior knowledge: Candidates who have qualified for ACCA or any other IMA (Institute of Management Accountants) recognised course with a similar background can also clear the exam in 6 to 9 months.
Experience: Candidates with professional experience can complete the course in 6 to 9 months.
Candidates qualifying for exemptions might have fewer subjects to prepare, which often reduces the study time and thus reduces the course duration.

CMA Exemptions

US CMA rarely offers exemptions. If you hold any professional degree with global recognition or from an organisation that has a collaboration with IMA, you might get a few exemptions. It rewards consistency, discipline, and practical application of concepts across finance, accounting, and strategy.

Educational Qualifications: Candidates who hold a fully qualified ACCA(Association of Chartered Certified Accountants) credential are exempt from the CMA Exam’s educational qualification requirement.
Membership: ICMAI CMA Members are exempt from holding an active Membership with IMA.

CMA Course Attempt Limits

There is no maximum limit for attempts in the US CMA.
You are required to pass both parts within three years of registration.
You are required to follow a 30-day waiting period between two attempts.
If you fail to clear both parts within the eligibility period, you are required to register again by paying the application fees.

US CMA Course Structure

The CMA curriculum tests your understanding and skills of financial and management accounting, preparing you for strategic and leadership roles.

CMA Syllabus – Part 1

CMA Part 1 consists of Financial Planning, Performance, and Analytics:

Subjects	Weightage
External Financial Reporting Decisions	15%
Planning, Budgeting and Forecasting	20%
Performance Management	20%
Cost Management	15%
Internal Controls	15%
Technology and Analytics	15%

CMA Syllabus – Part 2

CMA Part 2 consists of Strategic Financial Management:

Subjects	Weightage
Financial Statement Analysis	20%
Corporate Finance	20%
Business Decision Analysis	25%
Enterprise Risk Management	10%
Capital Investment Decisions	10%
Professional Ethics	15%

You can also read this blog to get a detailed insight into the CMA syllabus.

CMA Exam Details

The CMA is built around decision-making, analysis, and strategy. This is unlike other accounting qualifications that focus heavily on rules and compliance.

This makes it highly relevant for professionals who want to move into roles where they influence business performance rather than simply report on it. The exam structure is straightforward, globally standardised, and flexible enough to fit the schedule of working professionals.

CMA Exam Pattern

The CMA Exam consists of 500 marks with a duration of 4 hours and is divided into two sections:

100 multiple-choice questions carry a 75% weightage.
2 Essay-based questions carry a 25% weightage.
There is no negative marking for MCQs.
To pass the CMA exams, candidates must score at least 360 out of 500 marks or 72%.

CMA Exam Schedule

The CMA exams are conducted in three testing windows across January-February, May-June and September-October. The exams are proctored online and administered through Prometric Testing Centres across India and worldwide.

Here’s a guide to help you crack the CMA USA certification.

CMA Registration

To take the CMA Exams, you need to first register with the organising institute of CMA.

ICMAI Registration for India

You need to register under ICMAI. The registration is valid for 7 years for Intermediate and Final. If you do not successfully clear the intermediate and final within this period, then you can apply for re-registration under the DE NOVO registration.

IMA (Institute of Management Accountants) Membership for US CMA

To be eligible for the CMA Course, it is mandatory to be an active member registered with IMA.

CMA Fees

Understanding the CMA fee structure is just as important as understanding the syllabus. The CMA journey involves two separate payments – one to Imarticus Learning for your training, and another to IMA USA, the official certifying body that conducts the global exams.

At Imarticus Learning, the CMA course study fee is ₹1,10,000, which covers comprehensive coaching, study material, and continuous exam support. What stands out is the 50% refund assurance – if a learner doesn’t pass even after two attempts, half the fee is returned. That level of confidence in outcomes speaks volumes about the programme’s effectiveness.

The second component is the IMA Board Fee, payable directly to IMA USA in USD, which includes the membership, entrance, and exam fees. As an Imarticus learner, you also receive an exclusive 30-40% discount on these fees, making the international certification far more affordable.

Note: Since IMA fees are charged in USD, the final amount may fluctuate slightly depending on the exchange rate.

A Lesser-known Fact About CMAs:
CMAs are your shield against deceptive deals, as a huge part of their mandate is direct consumer protection! They tackle unfair trading practices, misleading claims, and even aggressive sales tactics, which can hit everyday shoppers.

CMA Career Opportunities & Scope

A CMA certification, unlike other certifications, is a passport to versatile and high-impact career opportunities across the globe. Most people think CMA is just about crunching spreadsheets and minting money. But in reality, it is beyond that and opens doors to unimaginable opportunities like global recognition, diverse roles, high demand in India and even better pay.

Picture a family deciding on a vacation. You balance options — a short road trip that’s cheaper vs. an overseas holiday that’s pricier but memorable. You compare costs, benefits, and timing. In the same way, CMAs help businesses weigh choices and recommend the one that delivers the best value.

CMA Salary in India & Abroad

CMAs get a lucrative salary in India, ranging from:

₹4-10 LPA for freshers and entry-level professionals, while top-ranking candidates can get ₹17-26 LPA.
Mid-senior level salary ranges from ₹7-12 LPA and can be higher based on experience.
Senior professionals earn between ₹15-20 LPA on average, while experienced professionals earn beyond ₹50 LPA-1 crore per annum.
Entry-level CMAs in the USA earn between ₹40 and ₹ 60 LPA. The average salary for an experienced CMA in the USA ranges between ₹85 LPA and ₹ 1.1 crores.

CMA Job Roles

A CMA qualification unlocks the door to versatile career opportunities. The CMA offers opportunities in accounting, financial management, planning, analytics, information systems, and even consulting. With experience, CMAs can advance to senior leadership positions in various industries.
Some prominent job roles where CMAs work are:

Costing Manager – ₹8-21 LPA
Financial Manager – ₹14-21 LPA
Cost Accountant – ₹2-15 LPA
Finance and Accounts MIS – ₹17-22 LPA
Corporate Financial Consultant – ₹2-22 LPA
Director of Finance and Operations – ₹32 LPA – 1.1 Crore per annum

Industries where CMAs are in demand

When you’re looking at your career path, it’s quite obvious to wonder if you’re choosing the right specialisation. Will it limit you? Will it open doors?

What’s really cool about the CMA is that it’s not just about one narrow lane. You can think of it like gaining a universal translator in the language of business strategy. Suddenly, you’re not just understanding one industry; you’re equipped to dive into the strategic financial challenges of practically any sector that sparks your interest.

If you wish to work in the fast-paced world of consumer goods, the precision of healthcare, the innovation of tech, or even the broad scope of government, your CMA skills become your passport. You’re no longer limited to one particular industry.

It’s about empowering you to pick your adventure, knowing you can contribute meaningfully wherever you choose to lead.

Government and PSUs
FMCG
Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals
Automobiles & Manufacturing
IT Consulting Firms & Technology
Conglomerates
Big 4, Accounting and Consulting firms

Top Companies Hiring CMAs

CMAs are in huge demand across various industries. Companies actively recruit CMAs to drive business growth. Here’s a list of companies that hire CMA professionals:

KPMG, Deloitte, PwC, EY,
ONGC, GAIL, Indian Oil,
Infosys, Wipro, TCS,
BCG, Grant Thornton, Amazon, Microsoft,
HUL, Nestle, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors,
Genpact, Crisil, Barclays, MSCI, and many others.

Both ICMAI and IMA (Institute of Management Accountants) have a career partnership and networking events where they offer placement services with top companies.

If you’re still wondering, “Is CMA worth it?” Have a look at this video explaining CMA Career Benefits & Opportunities.

Interesting Fact!
According to the IMA, salary surveys show that younger professionals (aged under 30) get higher pay on earning a CMA, indicating its power to significantly accelerate career growth.

CMA vs CA vs ACCA vs CPA – Which Should You Choose?

Isn’t it challenging to choose the right accounting certification? This overview will help you visualise a clear picture.

Now you must be wondering, and as you should, that there are all these wide ranges of certifications available. All have their reputation, their pros and cons, their credibility. How do I know CMA is best suited for me? Let us explain with the help of this grid.

✅ = Strongly aligns / clear advantage
❌ = Not a primary feature / weaker fit

Differentiator	CMA (US)	CA (India)	ACCA (UK)	CPA (US)
Shortest average completion time	✅	❌	❌	✅
Best suited for corporate/industry finance	✅	✅	✅	✅
Minimal mandatory articleship/training	✅	❌	✅	✅
Strong management accounting & FP&A focus	✅	❌	✅	❌
Global recognition across 100+ countries	✅	❌	✅	✅
Curriculum aligned with US & IFRS standards.	✅	❌	✅	✅
Flexible exam windows (computer-based)	✅	❌	✅	✅
Best fit for working professionals	✅	❌	✅	✅
Balanced difficulty vs. reward ratio	✅	❌	✅	✅
Higher salary uplift for FP&A roles	✅	❌	✅	✅
Lower attrition/dropout compared to CA.	✅	❌	✅	✅
Direct corporate entry without audit focus	✅	❌	✅	✅
Strong integration of analytics & decision support	✅	❌	✅	✅
Reciprocity with CPA and other bodies	✅	❌	✅	✅
Employer sponsorships are common in MNCs	✅	❌	✅	✅
Suited for career switchers (non-commerce)	✅	❌	✅	✅
Cost-to-benefit ROI is favourable globally.	✅	✅	❌	❌
Easier retake and scheduling flexibility	✅	❌	✅	✅
Ethics, risk & control emphasis embedded	✅	✅	✅	✅
Smooth transition pathway to CPA later	✅	❌	✅	✅

What are the Benefits of CMA?

Whenever I evaluate a professional certification, I like to weigh it against three things: career outcomes, global mobility, and return on investment. The CMA, in my opinion, checks all three boxes.

First, the career impact is undeniable. CMAs are positioned for roles that go beyond accounting-think financial strategy, risk management, business analysis, and leadership positions. That versatility makes the credential far more valuable than a qualification that limits you to traditional bookkeeping or compliance work.

Second, the global recognition of the CMA across 150+ countries makes it especially worthwhile. It allows professionals to build careers in whichever country they wish to, freeing them from the boundaries of geography. For someone aiming to build an international career, work with multinational companies or explore opportunities abroad, that’s a huge advantage.

Finally, when I look at the return on investment, the numbers speak for themselves. CMAs typically earn a significant premium over their non-certified peers, and the certification itself can be completed in a relatively short period compared to other finance qualifications. That means the payback period-both in terms of time and money-is much shorter.

So, is CMA worth it? Absolutely yes!.

Why Choose CMA Certification?

The CMA is a globally recognised certification with a strong earning potential. The CMA isn’t just a certification but an investment in your future. With average salaries of $100,000–$125,000 in the US and ₹6-25 LPA in India, and even higher for top experienced professionals.

It builds your ability to analyse numbers and connect them with decisions, and decisions with growth. That’s exactly why the CMA is more than a certification; it’s proof that you can lead with insight and make an impact on a global scale.

If you are still not clear about what is CMA? This US CMA course guide can help you get a detailed insight into why it’s the right career choice for you.

FAQs About CMA Course

Here are a few frequently asked questions about the CMA course.

What is a CMA qualification?

CMA is a globally recognised professional certification in accounting offered by the IMA (Institute of Management Accountants), which opens global career opportunities with high pay.

What is the CMA salary in India?

CMAs in India have a higher salary, with freshers drawing ₹4-26 LPA, ₹7-50 LPA for mid-level professionals and ₹15 LPA to 1 crore per annum for senior professionals.

What are the salary ranges for a CMA in India and abroad?

The salary range for CMA in India starts from ₹4 LPA for freshers up to ₹1 crore per annum for senior executives. At the same time, the salary range for a CMA in the USA is between ₹40 LPA to 1.1 crore per annum.

What is the CMA exam pattern?

The CMA exam is a total of 4 hours, which consists of 2 parts for a total of 500 marks per part. The exam is conducted in an online proctored format.

What is CMA eligibility?

Candidates who hold a Bachelor’s degree and have 2 years of work experience in financial and management accounting can pursue the CMA.

What are the specific subjects and exam pattern for CMA India and the US?

CMA India is a comprehensive course distributed across three levels that focuses on basic foundational subjects of cost accounting, and also covers financial accounting, business laws, direct and indirect taxation, management accounting, cost auditing, ethics, and corporate governance in-depth.

US CMA comprises two parts that emphasise financial planning, performance management, internal controls, corporate finance and decision analysis skills for a global aspect.

What is the paper pattern for CMA US?

The US CMA exam includes two parts for a total of 4 hours per part, with each part having 100 MCQs and two essay-based questions.

What is CMA Inter?

CMA Inter or CMA Intermediate is the second level of CMA. This level builds on the knowledge gained and deepens understanding, and emphasises application skills through the subjects. Candidates who have completed the CMA Foundation or a Bachelor’s Degree are eligible for this level.

What are CMA and CPA?

CMA is a Certified Management Accountant who primarily works in the corporate finance sector, and CPA stands for Certified Public Accountant who works in the public accounting role.

What is the difference between CA and CMA?

CA is a chartered accountant who works predominantly in the field of accounting, taxation and auditing. CMA is a certified management accountant who works primarily in cost accounting, financial accounting, management and risk analytics.

Your Next Steps

Ultimately, understanding what is CMA is the first step towards a strategic and globally recognised career in finance. CMA isn’t just another certification. It’s a career passport giving you the confidence to walk into interviews, global recognition to stand out, and the skills to shape financial strategies that create a lasting impact in the business world.

So if you’re asking yourself, “Is CMA really worth it?” the answer lies in your ambition. If you want to secure a job, any degree might get you one. But if you want to create a strategic career with global opportunities, CMA could be your game-changer.

At Imarticus, we offer extensive and outcome-focused training customised to your needs, networking events, immersion, industry collaborations, and a lot more to equip you with employable skills and the confidence to work in the corporate and business world. Are you ready to begin your career with the US CMA certification from IMA’s Gold Learning Partner? Enol now!

What is CFA? A Definitive Guide For 2025

Posted on September 24, 2025October 30, 2025 by Imarticus Learning

This question always buzzes in the minds of commerce students and working professionals: What is CFA? You might have heard about investment banking, but have you ever wondered what course or qualification is required to become one? The CFA course helps you embark on your career in Investment Banking.

A CFA charterholder is a highly respected qualification by employers worldwide, giving you an edge over top management graduates. A CFA certification is not just a change in designation but a gateway to extraordinary opportunities in the world of finance.

Imagine you’re sitting in an exam hall with aspiring finance professionals. Everyone has the same dream of earning the three golden letters after their name, “CFA”.

The real challenge? Only about one in two candidates actually makes it to the finish line. The road is undoubtedly tough, but every step is absolutely worth it. And in this guide, I’ll walk you through everything you need to know not just to survive, but thrive on your CFA journey.

The CFA journey is challenging. But if you dream of working at Wall Street or Dalal Street with confidence, this certificate could be your golden ticket. The only question is, are you ready to begin your quest?

This guide will demystify your understanding of what is CFA course?

What is CFA?

The Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) credential is the undisputed gold standard in investment management, equity research, portfolio management, risk analysis — anywhere serious finance happens. It’s not just about numbers or theories: it’s about building a calibre of thinking that separates the average from the exceptional.

Imagine you’re standing among 200,000+ finance professionals worldwide — that’s the current number of CFA charterholders who carry the designation in over 160 countries.

Here’s what makes it real:

The CFA syllabus consists of three levels. Level I tests your fundamentals. Level II forces you to apply these under pressure. Level III demands judgment — you must think like a portfolio manager, balancing risk, strategy, and ethics.
In May 2025, only 45% of those who took the Level I Exams passed — a sign of how rigorous the exam really is.
Level II in that same cycle saw a 54% pass rate, which is still tough, still discriminates the truly prepared.
Level III isn’t a walk in the park either. In February 2025, just 49% made it through.

And it’s not only about technical knowledge. The CFA Institute weaves ethics, professional conduct, and integrity into every level — not as afterthoughts, but as foundational pillars. When you complete all three exams and fulfil the work experience requirement, you don’t just earn a certificate: you gain a badge that says you’re serious about your craft.

CFA Course: What It Is and Why It Matters

When I first heard about the CFA, I have to admit, it sounded intimidating. Three tough exams, global recognition, and a curriculum that spans everything from portfolio management to ethics. But the more I dug in, the more I realised why it’s considered the gold standard in finance.

What is the full form of CFA?

The full form of CFA is Chartered Financial Analyst, offered by the CFA Institute. It’s one of those credentials that immediately tells people you know your stuff. From what I’ve read, it’s not just about memorising formulas – it’s about learning how to think like someone making real investment decisions, managing risks, and analysing markets at a high level. It is a highly regarded career choice for professionals looking to advance in executive positions.

What exactly is a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA)?

The CFA is a globally recognised designation in investment management, respected as one of the highest credentials in the world of finance.

The CFA course is ideal for a career path in investment banking, portfolio management, and financial analysis, unlike other professional financial certifications with a focus on management accounting, financial accounting, auditing and taxation.

What exactly does a CFA do?

I’ve seen that CFA charterholders end up doing some pretty impactful work. They’re in investment management, corporate finance, equity research, and portfolio strategy. Essentially, they help companies make big decisions, often with millions of dollars on the line. It’s not an easy path — less than half of candidates pass each level — but that’s exactly why it’s so respected.

A CFA charterholder works in investment management, financial reporting and analysis, corporate finance, equity investment strategies, and economics. CFAs usually work in large financial services and investment banking organisations, where they are required to do extensive research and analysis.

This plays an essential role in guiding companies to make challenging and informed decisions in the complex financial markets.

💡 Imarticus is an authorised preparation provider of the CFA program, which is considered the gold standard of investment certification.

You can even kickstart your CFA journey with industry leaders – Imarticus Learning offers CFA Training in collaboration with KPMG in India, giving aspirants both academic depth and real-world, practical exposure.

Is CFA Worth it in India?

Let’s be real – CFA isn’t an easy ride. The exams are tough, the pass rate is low, and it takes years of effort. So is it worth it if you’re in India? For most people who want to break into finance or grow faster in the industry, yes, it is.

Here’s what makes it worth the grind:

It gives you a global badge of credibility. Whether you’re applying to firms in Mumbai or Singapore, those three letters carry weight.
In India, CFAs usually earn more than their non-CFA peers. Freshers may start around ₹8–10 LPA, but with experience, salaries often push past ₹40 LPA in top roles.
Clearing it shows employers you’ve got discipline and depth. That’s why CFAs are often trusted with serious investment decisions.
You also get plugged into a community of charterholders worldwide – people you can learn from, network with, and lean on.

Yes, the exams are brutal – less than half the people pass. But that’s what makes the CFA special. It signals that you’ve pushed through something most people can’t, and in finance, that reputation really matters.

Why Pursue the CFA?

You might be wondering, why do thousands of people around the world put themselves through the grind of the CFA exams every year? Because those three letters open doors that very few other qualifications can. The CFA isn’t just another certification; rather, it’s a mark of credibility, trust, and expertise in finance. The designation is globally recognised and respected.

It also signals something deeper to employers: discipline. Passing CFA levels does not just show your smartness, but also consistency, focus, and resilience — the qualities that matter just as much as technical skills in high-stakes finance. Beyond the bookish knowledge, you also join a worldwide network of charterholders — mentors, peers, and industry leaders you can learn from and lean on as your career grows.

In short, you don’t just pursue the CFA for the knowledge — you pursue it for the credibility, the career opportunities, and the community it connects you to.

How Long Does it take to Become a CFA?

It takes 2.5 to 4 years to clear all levels of CFA. This duration can vary depending on preparation time and how quickly you clear the exams.

	Conducted	Preparation Time
CFA Level 1	Feb, May, Aug, and Nov.	6-9 months
CFA Level 2	May, Aug, and Nov.	9-12 months
CFA Level 3	Feb and Aug.	9-12 months

On average, candidates spend 300+ study hours per level, and the typical candidate finishes in about 3 years, if they clear all levels in their first attempt.

CFA Attempt Limits

You can take each Level of the CFA Exam a maximum of 6 times, with only two attempts per level each year. There is a waiting period of 6 months to retake the same level.

Interesting Fact – CFA is Not Just for Finance Majors. While most candidates come from finance or economics, people from engineering, IT, and even law backgrounds pursue it to enter the investment world.

The CFA Program Structure: A Deep Dive into the Levels

If you are still doubting what is the CFA program? The CFA curriculum builds candidates with a strong financial and investment foundation.

It includes topics like:

Ethics,
Economics,
Quantitative methods,
Financial reporting,
Corporate finance,
Equity,
Fixed income,
Derivatives,
Alternative investments, and
Portfolio management.

Overview of CFA Exam Structure & CFA Exam Levels Explained

The CFA Exams build your knowledge, test your expertise and application skills in finance, investment and reporting. The table below explains key points for each Exam Level.

CFA Level	Stage Name	Focus Areas	Exam Duration & Structure	Question Type	Key Skills Tested
CFA Level 1	Foundation	-10 Core Subjects – Practical Skills Module	– 2 sessions of 2 hrs 15 mins (135 mins) each- Total duration: 4 hrs 30 mins	– 180 Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)– No negative marking	– Understanding fundamental concepts- Building core finance knowledge- Interpreting financial statements
CFA Level 2	Asset Valuation & Application	– 10 Core Subjects – Application & Analytical Skills – Mastery in Asset Valuation	– 2 sessions of 2 hrs 12 mins (132 mins) each- Total duration: 4 hrs 24 mins- Each session has 11 item sets	– 22 item sets (Case-based MCQs)– 88 questions in total	– Applying finance theories to scenarios- Analytical & valuation skills- Problem-solving with data sets
CFA Level 3	Portfolio Management & Wealth Planning	– Portfolio construction & risk management- Wealth planning strategies- Advanced investment concepts – Specialisation Pathways	– 2 sessions of 2 hrs 12 mins (132 mins) each- Total duration: 4 hrs 24 mins	– Essay-type questions (Constructed Response)- Some case-based MCQs	– Decision-making like a portfolio manager- Communicating investment rationale- Strategic wealth planning & client advisory

If you are someone who is pursuing CFA with a full-time job, you can refer to this study plan.

CFA Course Fees

When a commerce or finance graduate decides to pursue CFA, the first thing they Google isn’t the syllabus, but the fees.
Can they afford it?
How much would each level cost in Indian rupees?
Would the investment be worth it?

CFA Course Fees in India

By the time you finish planning about pursuing CFA, you’ll know the CFA fees aren’t just numbers. They are milestones. Each rupee you save, each early registration you make, is part of your journey.

The CFA isn’t just testing your knowledge of finance; it is already teaching you financial discipline. And that lesson, once realised, feels priceless.

CFA Level 1: ₹60,000
CFA Level 2: ₹60,000
CFA Level 3: ₹60,000

At Imarticus Learning, you are given a 100% guarantee to receive a 50% refund of your course fees if you fail the CFA course exams.

Here’s a video to give you a detailed insight into how to clear the CFA Level 1 Exams:

CFA Syllabus

The CFA Syllabus develops a comprehensive skill set and prepares you for the investment and financial world. The Syllabus varies across the 3 levels. You can have a look at the subjects for each level below:

CFA Level 1 Syllabus

CFA Level 1 focuses on core modules, which consist of 10 subjects. It also includes two practical skills modules: Financial Modelling and Python Programming Fundamentals.

Subject	Weightage
Quantitative Methods	6-9%
Economics	6-9%
Portfolio Management	8-12%
Corporate Issuers	6-9%
Financial Statement Analysis	11-14%
Equity Investments	11-14%
Fixed Income	11-14%
Derivatives	5-8%
Alternative Investments	7-10%
Ethical and Professional Standards	15-20%

CFA Level 2 Syllabus

CFA Level 2 deepens your expertise on the same core modules with an in-depth focus on practical skills in Analytics, Python, Data Science, AI, and Python programming fundamentals, which is also offered in the Level 1.

CFA Level 3 Syllabus

CFA Level 3 has 6 core subjects with specialisation options and practical modules with case studies to enhance your skills.

Subject	Weightage
Asset Allocation	15-20%
Portfolio Construction	15-20%
Performance Measurement	5-10%
Derivatives and Risk Management	10-15%
Ethical and Professional Standards	10-15%
Specialisation Pathways – Portfolio Management Pathway Private Wealth Pathway Private Markets Pathway	30-35%

The Level 3 also has a Practical Skills Module for Portfolio Development and Construction, and a Pathway Specific Module (Due Diligence – Private Markets Pathway / Practical Macro – Portfolio Management Pathway / Managing Private Wealth Clients – Private Wealth Pathway).

Navigating through the CFA Exam: Preparation Strategies & Tips

The CFA journey is beyond clearing the exams. It rewards discipline, consistent preparation, and the ability to stay focused at every stage. Each level teaches you to think through uncertainty and make sound decisions when the answers aren’t obvious. That’s what makes the CFA so much more than a qualification – it’s a true test of character.

This guide can help you with your CFA Certification journey:

Why opting for CFA Training or a dedicated CFA Course-prep can be a Game Changer?

Training isn’t just about someone teaching you the concepts and formulas. It’s about:

Structured Learning: Access to tailored course material.
Expert Guidance: Faculty with subject matter expertise.
Accountability: Doubt-solving sessions and placement opportunities.
Peer Support: You get access to a dedicated channel with networking opportunities.
Industry-Relevant Resources: You often get access to industry collaboration events, webinars and live sessions.

Effective Study Strategies

To clear the CFA Exam, you need to follow a strategy and a dedicated routine. On average, candidates spend 300+ hours per level. So, if you are someone who can dedicate time and stay disciplined throughout the journey, you can definitely choose self-study.

Time Management

When you do self-study, you have to decide on your strategy and decide if you will spend your time on a topic with higher weightage or smaller weightage. If you’re a working professional with a 9-5 job, you can split study time by utilising weekdays for reading and concept building, weekends for mocks.

Revision

Revising the concepts learned by applying them and using proven strategies can prepare you for your exams.

Mock Exams

Taking practice tests and mock exams in a timed environment helps you prepare well for the exams and reduces stress.

Requirements to Become a CFA Charterholder

As a final-year B.Com student, when you first hear about CFA, it is quite common to feel excited. But then comes the flood of doubts about whether I am eligible.
Do I need any work experience?
What if I’m still in college?
Will my engineering degree be eligible?
How to become a CFA charterholder in India?

Criteria to enrol in CFA

Like most financial certificate aspirants, the CFA seems like a big dream, but the eligibility rules feel like a maze. To enrol in the CFA course, you need to meet the criteria below:

Education: Candidates who hold a Bachelor’s degree or who have appeared for their final year exams and are waiting for the results from a recognised University are eligible to appear for the CFA Level 1 Exams.
Experience: You should have 4000 hours of work experience in the field of investment and decision-making.
Membership: Register and be a member of the CFA Institute by submitting up to 3 professional reference letters.

Start your CFA Journey with this Roadmap

If you are passionate about earning the most respected credential in investment management. The path to becoming a CFA (Chartered Financial Analyst) charterholder can be daunting.

As an aspirant, you will be overwhelmed with many questions and misconceptions about the CFA journey, like:
How to become a CFA charterholder in India?
How many CFA levels are there, and what’s the syllabus?
How to Study for the CFA Level 1?

CFA isn’t a cakewalk; it’s a demanding course with a series of exams with an utmost difficulty level designed to build an elite class of finance and investment professionals. But the good news is that with a strategic plan and meticulous approach, it’s easy to be a CFA charterholder.

This roadmap is designed to cut through the noise, demystify the process, and guide you step-by-step toward achieving the esteemed CFA Charter.

Stage	Step	Focus Area	Key Requirements / Outcomes
Eligibility	1. Gain Eligibility	Entry Requirements	Bachelor’s degree (or final year), 4,000 hours of relevant work experience (min. 36 months), a valid passport, and meet professional conduct standards.
CFA Level 1	2. Enrol & Prepare	Fundamentals	Register with CFA Institute and schedule the Level I exam. Study investment tools, ethics, professional standards, and asset classes.
CFA Level 1	3. Pass CFA Level 1	Foundation	Demonstrate solid understanding of basic investment concepts. Establish credibility in the field.
CFA Level 2	4. Enrol & Prepare	Asset Valuation & Analysis	Focus on valuation, applied analysis, case studies, and item-set questions.
CFA Level 2	5. Pass CFA Level 2	Application	Showcase skills in valuing investments and applying financial data to real-world scenarios.
CFA Level 3	6. Enrol & Prepare	Portfolio Management	Study portfolio management, wealth planning, and advanced ethics. Practice essay + item-set questions.
CFA Level 3	7. Pass CFA Level 3	Integration	Prove ability to integrate knowledge across all levels and act as an investment decision-maker.
Experience	8. Fulfil Work Experience	Professional Practice	Accumulate 4,000 hours of qualified work experience in investment decision-making and get professional reference checks.
CFA Charter	9. Become a CFA Charterholder	Achievement	Apply to CFA Institute, earn the CFA Charter, join the elite global network, and commit to ongoing learning & ethics.

Life as a CFA Charterholder: Career Impact & Beyond

A CFA has deep financial expertise with strong analytical, technical, decision-making and communication skills, making them highly adaptable and valuable in today’s fast-paced financial markets.

When you clear your CFA Level 3 exam, you aren’t just holding a certificate; you are holding a passport. A passport that could take you from Mumbai’s Dalal Street to New York’s Wall Street, and your career from equity research to portfolio management, from analyst to managing director.

But what exactly does that journey look like?
What careers open up?
And how fast can you grow with the three magical letters “CFA” next to your name?

What Job Roles can a CFA pursue?

The CFA charter isn’t just another degree; it’s a professional superpower. Globally recognised and deeply respected among investment circles, it is often considered a competitive alternative to an MBA in finance, signalling a clear message to employers: This person understands money, investment, and wealth management at a world-class level.

That’s why charterholders are found in top firms like:

JP Morgan
Goldman Sachs
BlackRock
Deloitte
MSCI, among others

So if you’re still wondering about CFA jobs, CFA professionals have an extensive scope for career advancement and opportunities, and often hold crucial roles like:

Portfolio Manager,
Research Analyst,
Investment Banker,
Risk Manager, and
Private Wealth Manager.

CFA Salary (India & Global)

CFAs often enjoy a lucrative earning potential worldwide, with a broad range of career opportunities in the field of investment banking, portfolio optimisation, equities & derivatives, market research, advanced analytics and client advisory services.

CFA Stage 1: The Analyst (Entry Point)

Entry-level CFAs often start their journey as Research Analysts, Risk Analysts, or Investment Banking Associates. Think of this stage as learning to hold the sword where you’re collecting data, analysing trends, and supporting decision-makers.

Job Roles:

Equity Research Analyst – ₹7 LPA
Risk Analyst – ₹3-21 LPA
Credit Analyst -₹6-7 LPA
Corporate Finance Associate – ₹16 LPA

Salary: Average salaries for CFA Freshers begin at ₹5–10 LPA in India and $70,000-90,000 in the USA.

CFA Stage 2: Strategists

By the time you clear Level 3, your profile transforms. You will no longer be just crunching numbers, but will start making investment calls. Employers trust you with bigger responsibilities.

Job Roles:

Portfolio Manager – ₹25 LPA
Fund Manager – ₹16 LPA
Wealth Manager – ₹7.5 LPA
Financial Consultant – ₹6.5-24 LPA
Senior Risk Manager – ₹18-42 LPA

Salary: Average salaries for mid-senior level CFAs range between ₹12–25 LPA in India and $90,000-180,000 in the USA. Few experienced professionals draw higher salaries.

CFA Stage 3: The Leader (Executive Level)

At this stage, experienced CFA charterholders step into leadership roles. They don’t just follow the markets anymore; they lead strategies worth billions by taking important investment decisions, advising institutional investors and high-net-worth clients.

Job Roles:

Chief Investment Officer – ₹46.5-62.5 LPA
Managing Director – Investment Banking – ₹70 LPA
Senior Consultant – Strategy/Advisory – ₹24-25 LPA
VP/Director – Asset Management – ₹34-38 LPA

Salary: Average salaries for experienced CFAs range between ₹15 LPA – 1 Cr+ annually in India and over $200,000 in the USA.

Still calculating CFA’s ROI? This video explains how you can become a Portfolio Manager with CFA in just 18 months!

CFA vs MBA vs FRM vs CPA

Choosing the best career path can be challenging with multiple options in the market. This comparison will help you get a brief overview of the courses and understand which course is right for you.

	CFA	MBA	FRM	CPA
Focus Areas	Investment Tools, Valuing Asset Classes, Portfolio Management, Wealth Planning	Management, HR, Finance, Marketing, Operations, Analytics, Strategy, IT, Supply Chain Management, Entrepreneurship	Quantitative Analysis, Financial Markets & Products, Valuation & Risk Models, Market Risk, Credit Risk,Operational Risk,Liquidity Risk.	Business Analysis & Reporting, Information Systems & Controls, Tax Compliance & Planning.
Fees	~₹3.4 – 4.5 Lacs	~₹4 – 30 Lacs+	~₹1.5 – 2 Lacs	~₹3 – 4.5 Lacs
Duration	2.5 – 4 years	2 years	1 – 2 years	12 – 18 months
Recognised In	165+ countries (Global Recognition)	Globally recognised based on University accreditation.	190+ countries(Global Recognition)	130+ countries(Global Recognition)

FAQs about CFA

Here are a few frequently asked questions about CFA.

What is the CFA course?

CFA is a globally recognised certification in investment and financial management.

What does CFA stand for?

CFA stands for Chartered Financial Analyst. A highly reputed certification in investment and financial management with global recognition.

Is the CFA worth it?

CFA is a challenging yet rewarding job role which offers a high earning potential. If you are passionate about numbers, strategy and stock markets, the CFA is an excellent choice to master finance.

How hard is the CFA exam?

The CFA exam has a relatively high difficulty level with a lower pass rate. It requires a disciplined and consistent approach, rigorous practice and a deep understanding of the concepts. The CFA exam isn’t hard if you master the fundamentals.

Can I skip CFA levels?

No, CFA levels cannot be skipped. One needs to give all three levels sequentially.

Do I need a finance background?

Having a background in finance is not mandatory; however, it can be an added advantage if you have prior experience.

What’s the average pass rate?

CFA has a pass rate of below 50% which means only 50 out of 100 candidates clear the exam successfully.

Is CFA better than MBA?

CFAs and MBAs are completely different in nature, which does not make either course better than the other. MBA is a broader course which equips you with business and management skills with a specialisation in the degree. On the other hand, CFA is a specialisation in finance and investment management to deepen your financial knowledge and expertise.

Is CFA tougher than CA?

CA is considered tougher than CFA as it has a relatively lower pass percentage. CA Finals have an average passing rate of 18.75%. CFAs have an average passing rate between 40-50%.

What is a CFA salary?

The salary for CFAs starts from ₹5 LPA and goes higher for professionals with experience.

Begin Your CFA Journey Now

The CFA program is more than just a finance certification – it’s a globally recognised passport with access to a rewarding career in investment, portfolio management, and financial leadership. While the journey demands discipline, time, and effort, the knowledge and credibility it brings are unmatched.

Whether you come from finance, engineering, or even law, the CFA opens doors to opportunities across industries and geographies. If you’re committed to mastering the investment world and building a strong professional edge, the CFA charter is one of the best investments you can make in yourself.

We are India’s first and only approved certification prep provider that offers real-world business case studies, curated resources by top finance institutions like Kaplan Schweser, a dual teaching model, internship opportunities for top performers, and a joint certification that equips you with expert practical skills.

Are you ready to start your CFA journey? We at Imarticus offer the CFA course in association with KPMG in India to create industry-led programs. Bookmark this complete guide and come back whenever you feel lost in the chaos of finance.

Who is a Financial Analyst? Jobs Explained

Posted on September 23, 2025October 30, 2025 by Imarticus Learning

If you’ve ever wondered “What is a Financial Analyst?” then you’re already on the right path toward exploring one of the most rewarding careers in finance. A financial analyst is a professional who evaluates financial data, prepares models, and provides insights that guide investment and business decisions. In today’s competitive market, financial analyst jobs are highly sought-after because they serve as the backbone of strategic planning for companies, banks, and investors.

From career realisation of financial analyst to job and career realisation of financial analyst, this blog will guide you with a quick guide of information. We will also uncover the skill needed by the financial analyst, career development of finance, and will also guide the newcomers how to find a new job as a financial analyst.

To make it even more practical, we’ll also introduce the Postgraduate Financial Analysis Program by Imarticus Learning—a job-assured pathway to launch your career in finance.

Financial Analyst Job Description: A Snapshot

At its core, the financial analyst role revolves around interpreting financial data to provide meaningful insights. Employers expect analysts to identify trends, prepare forecasts, and support key decisions.

Key highlights of a financial analyst job description:

Gathering and analysing financial statements.
Construction of finance models to develop future revenues forecasts.
Equity and market analysis.
Facilitating M&A deal-making and company value forecasts.
Reporting and presentation.

It’ll be corporate finance, banking, consultancy, or private equity-perfumed—but same concept. Facilitating companies to make more informed financial decisions.

Roles and Responsibilities of a Financial Analyst

Being a financial analyst is not just about crunching numbers. It’s analysis, strategy, and communications in one.

Common responsibilities include:

Data Collection & Analysis – Reconcilation of balance sheets, reconcilation of cash flows, reconcilation of income statements, and reconcilation of company accounts.
Forecasting – Set the revenue forecast, expenditure forecast, and profit margin forecast using financial models.
Valuation – Set the value of the company by conducting discounted cash flow (DCF), precedent transactions, and comparables.
Equity Research – Monitor the market trend, predict the shares, and buy/sell orders.
Budgeting & Planning – Leave the capital usage and cost controls to the in-house team.
Reporting – To show to the investors or to the management report and dashboards.

This work above is day-time meeting with top managers, business units, and investors—therefore, this would be interpersonal as well as analytical in nature.

Skills Required for a Financial Analyst

Technical and soft skills would be needed for work.

Technical Skills

Financial Modelling – Company performance using spreadsheets.
Valuation Approaches – DCF, comparable transaction, and precedent transactions.
Excel & PowerPoint Proficiency – Reporting and analysis.
Accounting Proficiency – P&L, balance sheets, and cash flows deeply comprehended in detail.
Equity Analysis Tools – Bloomberg, FactSet, or data tools of similar nature.

Soft Skills:

Analytical ability.
Numeral narrative with communications.
Time management capability.
Problem-solving ability.
Attention and accuracy.

Technical skills and outcome reporting skills to stakeholders by the firm on behalf of the firm for the recruitment of a financial analyst.

Career Growth in Finance: Analyst to Leadership

Career development of a financial analyst has career development lines feed into investment banking, corporate finance, and C-suite executive career careers.

Traditional career development path:

Junior FP&A, investment banking, or equity research financial analyst role.
Senior Analyst / Associate – You get to be in charge of small teams once you already have 2–4 years of experience.
Manager / Vice President – Organisational financial planning, strategy, or negotiation.
Director / CFO – Organisational financial planning.

Finance career graph is quick for individuals who continue to keep their skill set updated and aligned with the current market trends.

Entry-Level Financial Analyst Jobs: Where to Start

Freshers would like to ask for the first finance job. Reality is that there are enough junior financial analyst jobs in every single business.

Most sought-after jobs are:

FP&A Analyst – Assist with budget and forecast.
Equity Research Analyst – Research the stocks and report.
Treasury Analyst – Handle the cash and liquidity.
Corporate Development Analyst – Assist with mergers and acquisitions.
Investment Banking Analyst – Assist with transactions and transactions.

These gateways guide the students through every nook and corner of finance, and serve as stepping stones to specialist expertise in the long run.

Know how to be a successful financial analyst in this video- Here

The Postgraduate Financial Analysis Program: A Career Accelerator

Professional advancement is no shoestring ride on the velvety couch. Closing the gap then is Imarticus Learning’s Postgraduate Financial Analysis Programme.

Why it’s the perfect option for someone who needs to be a financial analyst

100% Job Guarantee – 7 sure-shot interview calls.
Placement Success – Over 56,000 placements with over 500 employer partners.
Guaranteed Outcome – 60% average salary hike with course completion.
Convenient Timings – weekday course in 4 months or weekend course in 8 months.
Timely recognition – Best Education Provider in Finance for 30th Elets World Education Summit 2024.

Skills you’ll learn:

Analysis of financial statements.
Valuation concept and modeling.
Equity research and trading execution.
PowerPoint and Advance Excel.
LinkedIn optimisation and personal brand management.

The course is packed with class room classes, simulation software, and live projects, so you would be job-ready at the time of graduation and not book-smart.

Why Choose a Job-assured Program?

Job-sure programs offer career opportunity and not conventional programmes. Why? Because the financial industry is competitive and the companies need to hire such candidates who, other than training, are job-ready.

Postgraduate Financial Analysis Programme offers:

Mock test practice and mock interview.
Case preparation to prepare.
Employer level industry networking.

Such a school-to-work employment match makes it number one to be as a career in finance.

Day in the Life of a Financial Analyst

Neck deep in nothing but “What is a financial analyst?”

Average day, i.e.:

Morning: Tracing market releases and company announcements.
Midday: Numb crunching on some finance models and projections.
Afternoon: Brainstorming with managers or investors.
Evening: Performing under pressure to meet internal stakeholders or customers’ deadlines.

The profession is extremely dynamic with frequent restructuring as per business objectives and company trends.

FAQs

Q1. What is a financial analyst?

Financial analyst interprets financial information, builds models, and suggests concepts on business and investment.

Q2. What is a financial analyst?

It encompasses firm account statement analysis, forecastings, valuations, and corporate finance assistance.

Q3. What is the role and responsibility of a financial analyst.

Forecasting and budgeting, equity analysis and reporting, and provision of insight to inform business strategy.

Q4. Finance analyst skills requirement

Financial modeling, valuation, accounts know-how, Excel, effective communication and effective analysis are all essential skills.

Q5. Freshers’ how to become junior financial analyst

Through specialist course training such as Postgraduate Financial Analysis Programme with interview and placement assurance.

Q6. Professional financial analyst career progression to professional-level finance career financial analysis

Senior.analyst, manager, vice president, then CFO level of work.

Q7. Is financial analysis a profession in India?

Yes, since there will be an increasing economy, surely there has to be an increasing demand for professional financial analysts for any sector.

Q8. Postgraduate Financial Analysis Programme for how many months?

Weekday 4-month or weekend 8-month classes.

Q9. Average income of financial analyst in India

Freshers are offered 4–6 LPA, and experienced are offered 15+ LPA based on experience.

Q10. Is it possible for me to shift my career into finance from another one?

Yes, properly structured courses like Imarticus’s make it easy for professionals to shift into finance jobs.

Conclusion

Who then is the financial analyst? Quite simply, it is an evidence-based decision-maker. From interpreting finance reports to investment recommendations, financial analysts are the conduits to the new economy.

For the most current career prospects for a finance career as a financial analyst, the most sought-after option is on an internationally competitive job-protection career path. Financial job protection, moral benefits, and international career opportunities are its benefits. It is the most sought-after option for postgraduates.

Postgraduate Financial Analysis Programme provides you with the much-needed skills, in-job training, and placement guidance to your career of choice. Get started today—your finance career is waiting!

Master the Investment Banking Career Students Dream Of

Posted on September 23, 2025October 30, 2025 by Imarticus Learning

Do you want to create a profitable investment banking career? Before going through the introduction of the financial markets industry, one must learn the fundamentals of investment banking. It could be commerce students, a finance buff, or an investment analyst looking to contribute – this handbook will move beyond perplexed jargon, market fluctuation, and certificates. Kick-starting your investment banking career on the right note can make you leave a mark in this ruthless profession.

What is Investment Banking?

Investment banking is the department of a bank that handles the issuance of capital to governments, corporations, and institutions. It involves underwriting, mergers & acquisitions (M&A), and advisory. It is highly responsible for financial development and facilitating companies to raise capital cost-effectively.

Investment bankers include:

Assisting companies to float with IPOs
Assisting big clients with big-ticket financial deals
Managing mergers, acquisitions, and restructuring
Underwriting top new debt and equity securities

Why Choose an Investment Banking Career?

A finance career of an investment banker carries prestige, decent salaries, and rapid career advancement. Finance graduates seek this career for thousands of them

Highest Salary Packages – Early career provides one of the highest paying salary scales in finance
Rapid Learning Environment – Learn through actual transactions and market events
International Exposure – Multinational clients and international transactions
Professional Growth – Proper career growth and networking

This makes it the best option for students who are interested in having a lifelong career in the finance sector.

Investment Banking Explained Simply

Before moving to higher levels, all students need to know the fundamentals of investment banking:

Capital Raising – Issuance of debt/equity securities to raise capital
M&A Advisory – Acting as advisor to companies in the event of mergers or acquisitions
Sales & Trading – Selling and purchasing securities on their behalf
Research – Stock, bond, and market research to recommend
Asset Management – Investment on behalf of another

It is important that these concepts be well understood before establishing a good investment banking career.

Core Concepts in Corporate Finance

Financial knowledge of corporations is required by those who wish to become investment bankers. The following are utilised primarily in the practice of day-to-day banking:

Valuation Techniques – DCF, Comparable Company Analysis
Financial Modelling – Modelling company performance with Excel
Risk Management – Identification and mitigation of financial risks
Leverage – Analysis of transactions financed by debt
Working Capital Management – Analysis of a firm’s short-term assets/liabilities

Understanding Financial Markets

You can’t have an investment banking career without knowing global capital markets. Markets set the shape of the deal and where there is investment. Some of the most important things to know are:

Stock Markets – Where equity that’s publicly traded is bought and sold
Bond Markets – Interest rate mechanisms and debt securities
Foreign Exchange Markets – Currency risk management
Commodities Markets – Selling and purchasing oil, metals, and crops
Understanding how these markets operate helps bankers make intelligent and shrewd deals.

Investment Banking Terminology for Students

Students need to be accustomed to investment banking terminology. Some of the words that all newcomers need to understand are:

IPO (Initial Public Offering) – Selling private company’s shares to the public for the first time
M&A (Mergers and Acquisitions) – Union of companies
Pitch Book – Investment bank’s sales pitch
Leveraged Buyout (LBO) – Purchasing of a company using borrowed money
Due Diligence – Auditing process of a prospective investment

All these words are the vocabulary of any banking professional.

Why Certifications Matter in Banking?

If you’re serious about an investment banking career, earning a top-notch certification is not optional—it’s essential. Certifications:

Boost your resume credibility
Teach industry-relevant skills
Offer well-structured learning under guidance of experts
Increase chances of getting placed with top companies

The best option at one’s disposal is the Certified Investment Banking Operations Professional (CIBOP) program by Imarticus Learning.

Overview of the CIBOP Program by Imarticus

Certified Investment Banking Operations Professional (CIBOP) is an experience guaranteed program for 0-3 years experience finance freshers. The program is offered in 3-months and 6-months options.

Highlights:

100% Job Guarantee
85% Placement Rate with packages up to ₹9 LPA
60% Average Salary Increase
1200+ Batches Completed
1000+ Hiring Partners
Projects: Money Laundering, Trade Compliance, Ethical Banking

It’s one of the best investment banking certification programs in India, with real-world case studies and projects.

Career Outcomes After Completing CIBOP

Upon completion of CIBOP, you’ll be ready for various roles in top investment banks:

Investment Banking Associate
Wealth Management Associate
Regulatory Reporting Analyst
Client Onboarding Associate
KYC Analyst
Trade Surveillance Analyst
Hedge Fund Associate
Collateral Management Analyst

With support from Imarticus’s 1000+ hiring partners, you’re set for a finance career opportunity that truly delivers results.

FAQs

1. What is the duration of the CIBOP program?

You can choose between a 3-month full-time or 6-month part-time format, depending on your availability.

2. Can a non-finance graduate enrol in CIBOP?

The course is designed for finance graduates, but students from other backgrounds may be considered based on aptitude.

3. Is this course suitable for beginners?

Yes. Being a fresher with no experience, CIBOP starts from scratch and shapes your competencies.

4. What are the salary prospects after completing CIBOP?

Imarticus provides average salary for ₹4 LPA and even ₹9 LPA for top scorers, 60% of whom receive a salary increment.

5. Are the certifications globally recognised?

CIBOP is highly valued in India as well as by Imarticus’s 1000+ recruitment clients, including multinational companies.

6. Will I get job placement assistance after the course?

Yes, in addition to the course are 7 interview guarantees and full career support from resume building to interview preparation.

7. Do I need coding skills for investment banking?

Not necessarily. Although Excel cannot be avoided, CIBOP is all about handling critical banking operations, regulatory affairs, and market conventions.

Conclusion

Investment banking as a career calls for the correct knowledge, correct guidance, and correct credentials. Understanding the underlying principles of investment banking, acquiring the skills to adapt with the financial terminology, and becoming an associate of a legitimate investment banking certification like CIBOP is the secret to scaling the heights of your career.

CIBOP by Imarticus Learning is more than a course—it’s a transformation. If you’re ready to build a future in one of the most lucrative sectors in finance, now is the time to act.

What is CPA? A Complete Guide For 2025

Posted on September 22, 2025 by Imarticus Learning

Let’s be honest, if you’re here, you’ve probably typed “what is CPA” into Google more than once. And no wonder. Everyone in accounting and finance circles seems to be talking about it. The CPA full form is Certified Public Accountant, and it’s more than just three fancy letters after your name.

In 2025, being a CPA is like having an international stamp of credibility, one that can take you from a cubicle in Mumbai to a boardroom in New York.

A CPA is a passport that travels with you. It’s the professional equivalent of speaking English in business, a universal language that Big 4 firms, Fortune 500 companies, and even tech-driven startups understand and value.

CPA Full Form and Why It Matters

The full form of CPA is Certified Public Accountant, a credential that sits at the top of the accounting profession. A CPA, offered by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), is a licensed professional who goes beyond preparing accounts or filing taxes. This certification comes with an international repute.

CPAs are trained and authorised to review financial statements, ensure compliance with complex regulations, and advise leadership teams on tax structures and regulatory strategy. As the blog unfolds, we will learn in greater depth how a CPA maintains a stronger hold on the financial governance of any organisation.

What sets CPAs apart from other accountants is the scope of their responsibility. While a major chunk of finance professionals manage day-to-day bookkeeping or reporting, CPAs are trusted with oversight. The role carries a legal and ethical weight because businesses, auditors, and even governments depend on this certification.

This explains why CPAs are consistently hired across industries like investment banking, consulting, insurance, technology, energy, and healthcare.

Interesting Fact! Wherever governance, transparency, and strategic financial planning are non-negotiable, CPAs become the professionals of choice.

Who Can Become a CPA?

A frequent question I hear from Indian students is: “What is CPA eligible?” The eligibility puzzle can feel confusing at first. Worry not, let’s break it down!

In the US, CPA candidates need 120–150 semester credit hours, which roughly translates to a bachelor’s plus some additional coursework.

For Indians, this usually means:

A bachelor’s in commerce or accounting as a starting point
Sometimes a master’s degree or a bridge course is required to meet credit requirements
And yes, some states demand 1–2 years of work experience before licensing

Licensing Specifics for a CPA

A CPA license is issued by a state board, not by a federal authority. Consequently, requirements vary by jurisdiction.
However, once you’re licensed, CPAs benefit from reciprocity agreements. It will enable you to practice across states without redundancy in examinations.
This means that if you’re a licensed CPA in one U.S. state, other states will usually recognise that license.

Global Outlook Towards CPA

According to NASBA, there are over 650,000 licensed CPAs worldwide, and non-US candidates represent a growing share of new entrants, with India among the top five feeder markets.
This globalisation of the CPA talent pool underlines both its demand and its portability.
It is worth noting that now CPAs are increasingly moving beyond traditional audit and taxation into advisory, ESG reporting, and digital finance transformation roles. Multinationals want professionals who can interpret numbers not just for compliance, but for strategy

CPA Recognition in India

The CPA is a US qualification, but its relevance in India is pronounced in multinational organisations, Big 4 consulting, and global capability centres.
While it does not provide statutory signing authority under Indian law (reserved for Chartered Accountants), it is sought after for expertise in US GAAP, IFRS, Sarbanes–Oxley compliance, and cross-border taxation.
In practice, CPAs are more often positioned alongside or above local CAs when global reporting or SEC-related compliance is involved.

The catch? Each US state sets its own rules. That’s why Indian aspirants often rely on institutes like Imarticus, which help align your background to the right state board.

Not sure if your current degree makes you eligible for CPA?
Check your eligibility with Imarticus Learning’s academic advisors

Here’s a snapshot of what you can expect from a CPA!

CPA Syllabus – What You’ll Actually Study

The CPA Program definitely takes you beyond balance sheets. You get to understand the why behind the numbers.
Why do companies recognise revenue in a certain way?
Why do certain tax treatments exist? and
Why do auditors push back on “creative” accounting?

The CPA exam is globally respected because it measures how effectively candidates can apply concepts in real business contexts. It is rigorous, but designed in a way that rewards discipline, preparation, and professional judgment.

Section		Focus Area	Duration
Core Sections (Mandatory for All)	AUD (Auditing & Attestation)	Audit Methodology Risk Evaluation Internal Controls Professional Ethics	4 hours
	FAR (Financial Accounting & Reporting)	GAAP IFRS Financial Statements	4 hours
	REG (Regulation)	US Taxation Business Law	4 hours
Discipline (choose 1)	BAR (Business Analysis & Reporting)	Financial Planning Management Reporting Advanced Data Interpretation	4 hours
	ISC (Information Systems & Controls)	IT Governance Cybersecurity Risk Management System Controls
	TCP (Tax Compliance & Planning)	Advanced Taxation Entity Planning International Tax Structures

Curious which discipline suits your career path?
Speak to an Imarticus CPA mentor and align your choice with your goals.

CPA Exam Format: What to Expect

The CPA exam isn’t just about memorisation – it’s about application under pressure. Each section blends three testing methods:

Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs): Test foundational and technical knowledge.
Task-Based Simulations (TBS): Complex scenarios requiring analysis, interpretation, and problem-solving.
Written Communication Tasks: Short, business-style responses to test professional communication.

According to NASBA (2025), over 60% of CPA candidates consider simulations to be the exam’s toughest yet most valuable component – closely mimicking real corporate challenges.

Why this matters: The format ensures CPAs demonstrate more than textbook skills; they prove they can think like professionals in high-stakes scenarios where companies rely on their judgment.

CPA Exam Duration and Scheduling Flexibility

The CPA exam looks long on paper, but its flexibility puts control in the candidate’s hands.

Each Section: 4 hours
Total Duration: 16 hours across 4 sections
Sequence: Candidates choose the order of their exams.
Testing Windows: Continuous testing model available in 2025 across approved regions.

This system means I can:

Build momentum by tackling easier sections first.
Spread exams over 12–18 months or compress them into as little as one year.
Balance study with work, internships, or academic commitments.

In fact, the AICPA announced in 2025 that the rolling schedule boosted candidate success rates, since flexible pacing reduces burnout.

CPA Exam Scoring System Explained

Passing the exam requires a scaled score of 75 out of 99. Contrary to popular belief, that doesn’t mean 75%! The scoring system is weighted.

Question Type	Weighting	Why It Matters
MCQs	Moderate	Tests broad technical knowledge
Simulations (TBS)	High	Rewards applied, analytical reasoning
Written Tasks	Lower	Confirms communication skills

In 2024, CPA exam section pass rates ranged between 44% and 63% (AICPA). This consistency reinforces the exam’s reputation for rigor and prestige.

In 2025, discussions in the profession highlight that the exam may gradually emphasise scenario-based decision-making even more, keeping CPAs relevant as advisors in a data-driven world.

Get a detailed breakdown of the exam module here in the ‘Uniform CPA Examination® Blueprints’ approved by AICPA Board of Examiners.

CPA Exam Updates for 2025 and Beyond

2025 marks the CPA Evolution Era – a shift reshaping the future of the profession.

Key updates to the CPA exam from 2025 onward:

More focus on data analytics and system controls.
Introduction of advanced compliance and advisory-related questions.
Pilot inclusion of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) topics in review materials.

This aligns with forecasts predicting that by 2030, CPAs will:

Provide assurance on AI-generated outputs.
Evaluate global digital compliance frameworks.
Advise corporations on ESG and sustainability standards across borders.

The CPA credential is no longer just about accounting; it’s now a gateway to business leadership, risk advisory, and technology-driven decision-making.

More Insights to Explore:

What is CPA salary?

The Most Awaited Question – CPA Salary. Let’s cut straight to the chase!
Or more importantly, What is the salary of a CPA in India?

When people ask me about the CPA, I can tell their concern is whether the return matches the grind. It’s a fair question. If you’re putting in the hours, the money has to make sense.

In India, the numbers usually fall between ₹9–17 LPA, depending on your background and the company you join. What stands out is that even fresh CPAs are often slotted into roles that pay above many entry-level CA positions. The reason is simple – firms here need professionals who can work comfortably with US GAAP, IFRS, and cross-border tax. That skill set is scarce, and scarcity drives value.

In the US, salaries look very different. A CPA salary there typically ranges from $70,000 to $120,000 a year, and can go higher once you move into advisory or senior finance roles. To put that into perspective, those numbers are well above the national median for finance jobs, which is why the credential is so aggressively pursued.

Global firms need professionals fluent in US GAAP and taxation. And Indian CPAs often get fast-tracked in Big 4 promotions because they fill that gap.

CPA vs CA vs ACCA vs CFA

Here’s the big comparison everyone loves to debate. What is the difference between CPA and CA? And where do ACCA and CFA fit in?

Comparison Point	CPA	CA	ACCA	CFA
Global recognition & mobility	✔️	❌	✔️	✔️
India’s statutory signing authority	❌	✔️	❌	❌
Strong in US GAAP & SEC reporting	✔️	❌	❌	❌
Strong in IFRS & international accounting	✔️	✔️	✔️	❌
Audit & attestation authority worldwide	✔️	✔️	✔️	❌
Government & non-profit accounting relevance	✔️	✔️	✔️	❌
Corporate finance, FP&A & controllership roles	✔️	✔️	✔️	❌
US & international taxation expertise	✔️	✔️	✔️	❌
IT governance, SOX & internal controls	✔️	✔️	✔️	❌
Forensic & investigation exposure	✔️	✔️	✔️	❌
Core focus on investment, equity, markets	❌	❌	❌	✔️
Advisory & consulting suitability	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️
High demand in GCCs/Big 4 (India)	✔️	✔️	✔️	❌
Easy cross-border reciprocity	✔️	❌	✔️	✔️
Typical duration ≤ 18 months	✔️	❌	❌	❌
Flexible modular testing	✔️	❌	✔️	✔️
Case-study-based exam simulations	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️
Written communication tested in exam	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️
Eligibility barrier (credits/degree)	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️
Cost-effectiveness (relative)	❌	✔️	✔️	❌
Management reporting & BI emphasis	✔️	✔️	✔️	❌
Tech, data & analytics focus	✔️	❌	✔️	✔️
Year-round exam scheduling	✔️	❌	✔️	✔️
Portability of the license globally	✔️	❌	✔️	✔️
Strong acceptance in the Middle East	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️
Strong acceptance in Europe	✔️	❌	✔️	✔️
Strong acceptance in the US	✔️	❌	❌	✔️
Salary uplift vs non-qualified peers	✔️	✔️	✔️	✔️
Beginner-friendly for non-finance grads	✔️	❌	✔️	❌
Option to specialise (disciplines)	✔️	❌	❌	❌

If you see your career staying India-focused, CA is unbeatable. But if your dream includes MNCs, global roles, or working abroad, CPA is your ticket.

Still weighing CPA against other finance credentials?

Join an Imarticus masterclass on choosing the right professional path.

To put it plainly, the value of a CPA doesn’t lie only in the salary or the job title. Those are outcomes, yes, but they’re not the essence. What the credential truly gives you is credibility – and in finance, credibility is currency.

Benefits of a CPA

You see, in a boardroom, whenever this phrase is uttered, “these financials have been reviewed by a CPA,” it isn’t just a line on a slide. It is a signal to investors, regulators, and even to your peers that the numbers have passed through the lens of someone licensed to uphold the highest standards of financial scrutiny.

That stamp changes the conversation. It builds trust in a way no slide deck can.

For professionals, credibility compounds. It opens doors that pure technical skill often cannot. Over the years, I’ve seen how CPA translates into:

Better Roles: CPAs are often shortlisted for senior finance positions, even ahead of peers with comparable experience, because the credential immediately validates competence. The Big 4, MNCs, and consulting giants still default to CPA when hiring for leadership roles in reporting and compliance.
Faster Promotions: Career trajectories tend to accelerate post-CPA. A recent report by the AICPA noted that CPAs reach managerial positions almost two years earlier on average than their non-CPA peers [AICPA, 2023].
Cross-Border Mobility: With global firms increasingly aligning to US GAAP and IFRS, the CPA becomes a passport of sorts. I’ve personally known colleagues who moved from India to Singapore or the US, leveraging the CPA as their ticket to international assignments.
Professional Respect: There’s a subtle shift once you add “CPA” next to your name. Colleagues, clients, and even regulators interact differently – because they know you’ve cleared one of the most demanding professional filters in the world.

To me, this is why CPA is worth it: not just because it pays well, but because it carries a permanence of respect. Job titles change, firms change, industries evolve, but once you’re a CPA, that credibility stays with you for life.

How the CPA Exam Tests You

If you’re expecting the CPA to be a memory game, you’ll be in for a surprise. This exam is built differently. It’s less about “What does the rule say?” and more about “Can you apply the rule when the situation is messy?”

Take the Auditing section, for instance. You’re dropped into case-style scenarios where internal controls are weak or fraud risk is lurking, and you have to decide what an auditor should actually do next. In the Regulation section, it isn’t enough to know tax codes; you’re tested on how to weigh competing treatments in real-life business contexts.

This structure is intentional. The AICPA has designed the exam to mirror the kind of judgment calls CPAs make daily. That’s why the format blends multiple-choice questions with task-based simulations and even written communication. You’ll draft memos, evaluate scenarios, and prove you can think like a professional.

What I appreciate most is that this exam rewards preparation, discipline, and the ability to think through ambiguity. And that’s precisely why the credential carries so much weight.

💡 Looking to know what real exam prep feels like? Our CPA program includes mock simulations designed to replicate the exact AICPA testing environment – so you can experience the challenge before you face the real thing.

CPA in India – The Real Story

Is CPA worth it in India? I’d say yes – but not in the way a headline might make it sound. The truth is a little more layered.

In India, the CPA is not going to replace the CA. You won’t suddenly get signing rights here just because you cleared the exam. That’s not what the credential is for. Its power lies elsewhere – in the multinational world that India now sits at the centre of. Think Big 4 firms handling US audits out of Bengaluru. Think global capability centres in Hyderabad or Pune, churning out consolidated financials for Fortune 500 boards. These are places where a CPA is not just useful, it’s expected.

The flip side? It’s a grind.

You’ll find yourself switching between US GAAP and the Companies Act, between federal tax rules and GST. The exam itself isn’t cheap either. Many candidates stumble on eligibility requirements, especially if their undergrad degree doesn’t rack up the right credit hours. These are realities you should know before you commit.

But here’s the payoff!

I’ve watched colleagues land roles at the Big 4 at salaries north of ₹10 lakh per annum simply because they carried the CPA alongside their Indian qualifications. More importantly, I’ve seen the credential unlock overseas mobility – a manager in Mumbai suddenly being tapped for a posting in Singapore or the US because the board trusted the CPA badge. That’s when you see the ROI.

In my view, the CPA in India is not about fast wins. It’s about stretching your career beyond borders. If you’re willing to put in the effort, the rewards are not just financial – they’re structural. Your career path bends upward in ways it simply doesn’t without it.

Suggested Reads

Starting Your CPA Journey – Here’s a Roadmap

No one wakes up one morning and clears the CPA. It takes planning, patience, and a clear sense of why you’re doing it. I’ve seen too many candidates jump in blind, only to waste months fixing eligibility issues or second-guessing their state board choice. If you approach it methodically, though, the process is far less daunting.

First, get your eligibility in order. Check whether your degree stacks up to US standards. Many Indian graduates discover they need an extra credit or two – better to know this early than after you’ve paid exam fees.
Next, be deliberate with your state board. Each one has its quirks. Some are lenient with international candidates, others not so much.
When it comes to applications, accuracy saves time. The NASBA paperwork isn’t difficult, but it is unforgiving. A single missing transcript can push your timeline by months.
Preparation is where the real work lies. Forget shortcuts. The CPA exam is rigorous, and structured coaching gives you discipline, accountability, and perspective.
Tackle one paper at a time. Momentum builds with every pass, and trying to juggle too much at once only raises your odds of failure.
Finally, remember the finish line isn’t just exams. To be licensed, you’ll also need documented work experience and an ethics module. Plan for these requirements from day one, so you’re not left scrambling at the end.

It’s a marathon, not a sprint. This CPA course overview shows you how each milestone builds into the next. Because marathons are won by those who keep moving, step by step.

FAQs about CPA

Let’s check out some other frequently asked questions related to what is CPA?

What does a CPA do?

A CPA is far more than a number-cruncher. They audit billion-dollar corporations, design tax-efficient structures, and give credibility to financial statements that investors rely on. Beyond compliance, CPAs act as trusted strategists – advising on risk, mergers, and business transformations – making them the financial world’s equivalent of a “seal of trust.”

What is a CPA exam like?

Imagine the CPA exam as a four-exam marathon that pushes brains as well as endurance. It combines multiple-choice questions, simulations of real-world cases, and written answers. Candidates are tested on auditing, reporting, regulation, and a specialised field – basically demonstrating that they can make high-stakes decisions under duress, much like in actual corporate situations.

Is CPA worth it in India?

No doubt. In India, CPAs open doors to Big 4 companies, international multinational companies, and rapidly expanding financial centres. As companies begin to report under US GAAP and IFRS more and more, CPAs are globally mobile professionals with top-dollar credibility and pay to match. It’s less a certificate and more a passport to worldwide finance.

CPA vs ACCA vs CA – how are they different?

Each qualification has its own edge, and the right choice depends on where you see your career going.

CPA: The global benchmark for US-based auditing and taxation, especially powerful if your career intersects with American firms or SEC-regulated companies.
CA: India’s gold standard, with statutory signing authority and unmatched dominance in domestic accounting and audit roles.
ACCA: The master key for international roles centred on IFRS, widely respected across 180+ countries.

In short, CPA is the ticket to US/global corporate finance, CA anchors careers in India, and ACCA shines in globally mobile accounting careers.

How long does CPA take?

With discipline, most finish in 12–18 months. But it’s not just about passing four exams – it’s about smart scheduling and pacing. Some knock out all sections within a year by laser-focused studying, while others stretch it depending on credit eligibility, work commitments, and how fast they can tackle one section at a time.

Closing Note

At the end of the day, the CPA is a career accelerator. If there’s one thing I’d emphasise, it’s that CPA demands commitment, but it gives back in multiples – credibility, mobility, and respect that don’t fade with time.

If you’re at that decision point, ask yourself not just, “Do I want the letters CPA after my name?” but rather, “Do I want to be the person in the room whose judgment is relied upon when billions are on the line?” Because that, at its core, is what this credential signals.

The highlight of pursuing a CPA is the permanent credibility you carry into every boardroom, every investor call, and every career pivot thereafter. A CPA tells the world you understand the language of global business at its highest standard – and that you can be trusted to apply it.

Now, does that mean it’s for everyone? Not necessarily. If your career vision is India-only and statutory audit is your primary goal, a CA may be the more efficient path. But if you aspire for roles with Big 4 firms, multinational corporations, global capability centres, or even entrepreneurial ventures with international compliance needs, the CPA is one of the most future-proof investments you can make in yourself.

Whether you’re an Indian professional aiming for Big 4 roles or someone eyeing international opportunities, the CPA can quite literally shift your career trajectory.

If you’re serious about becoming a CPA, check out our Certified Public Accountant Program co-created with KPMG in India. It blends expert mentorship, real-world case studies, and structured learning to help you clear the CPA and fast-track your career.

Mastering Finance: An In-depth Look at the Chartered Financial Analyst Program

Posted on September 19, 2025September 19, 2025 by Imarticus Learning

What is the Chartered Financial Analyst Program?
- Key Features of the CFA Program:
CFA Program Overview: Structure and Duration
- Exam Structure:
Chartered Financial Analyst Curriculum
CFA Exam Preparation: How to Study Effectively?
- Best Practices for CFA Exam Preparation:
Advanced CFA Training: Career Benefits and ROI
- Career Benefits of CFA:
CFA Career Path: Where Can It Take You?

The Chartered Financial Analyst Program (CFA) is the highest finance and investment management qualification. It is also known as the gold standard of candidates for an asset management career position, risk evaluation, portfolio management, and corporate finance. The program is offered by the CFA Institute in an attempt to rebrand finance professionals with extensive-based financial expertise, ethical judgment capability, and high-quality analytical ability.

In riding waves of competition in finance, CFA charter is rapidly turning into a useful tool towards credibility and ultimately reward potential. In this blog, you will gain significant insights about CFA program overview, chartered financial analyst curriculum, CFA exam preparation, and its impact on a CFA career path. If you are a finance student or a practitioner of finance and want to provide an impetus to your professional life, then this blog is going to acquaint you with facts which you must study in order to clear the CFA process.

What is the Chartered Financial Analyst Program?

CFA Program is an internationally acclaimed professional certification that began in the CFA Institute. The program aims to create skills in investment management, financial analysis, and ethical standards. Three levels of certification, i.e., CFA Level I, CFA Level II, and CFA Level III, with mandatory subject matter in finance and investment analysis, are present.

Key Features of the CFA Program:

Internationally acclaimed by 165+ countries.
Involves clearing three levels of exams.
Interest areas of investment management topics, portfolio analysis, financial reporting, and ethics.
Best place to start career in asset management, investment banking, and corporate finance.

CFA Program Overview: Structure and Duration

CFA program self-study charter program usually 2-3 years. Three levels examination and 4,000 hours of qualifying professional experience must be completed by the candidates in order to become the charter holders.

Exam Structure:

CFA Level	Focus Areas	Exam Format
Level I	Investment Tools, Financial Reporting, Ethics	180 MCQs
Level II	Asset Valuation, Financial Statement Analysis	Item Set Questions
Level III	Portfolio Management, Wealth Planning	Case Study + Essay

Chartered Financial Analyst Curriculum

Chartered financial analyst curriculum has been created in order to provide proper financial training in investment management, financial theory, and ethical decision-making.

Main Topics Covered:

Ethical and Professional Standards
Financial Reporting and Analysis
Economics and Quantitative Methods
Equity and Fixed Income Investments
Portfolio and Wealth Management
Derivatives and Alternative Investments

Every level is more complex and deeper in such topics, and a clear understanding of the financial management concepts.

CFA Exam Preparation: How to Study Effectively?

Right study, proper planning, and step-by-step execution are needed if you want to clear the CFA exam. Do the following so that you can prepare the best:

Best Practices for CFA Exam Preparation:

Prepare a Study Plan: 300-400 hours per level.
Use CFA Institute Study Material: Official text books and practice exams.
Join CFA Training Programs: Use professional systematic learning.
Practice Financial Modeling: Practice hands-on on valuation models.
Join CFA Study Groups: Learn and enjoy in group learning.

Advanced CFA Training: Career Benefits and ROI

CFA certification has real benefits, the investment well worth for financial professionals.

Career Benefits of CFA:

Compensation Growth Opportunities: Members receive 20%-40% more compensation than non-members.
Global Acceptance: Open global investment banking, asset management, and financial advisory career opportunities.
Industry Credibility: Most accepted by world financial institutions such as Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan, and Morgan Stanley.
Networking and Alumni Networks: 200,000+ CFA Institute charterholders worldwide.

CFA Career Path: Where Can It Take You?

Achieving a CFA certification will be a game-changer in your career and professional development prospects for these finance careers:

Top CFA Career Paths:

Investment Analyst
Portfolio Manager
Risk Analyst
Corporate Financial Analyst
Private Equity Associate
Wealth Management Advisor
M&A Specialist

Majority of CFA professionals are Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Chief Investment Officer (CIO).

FAQs

1. Is the candidate pass compulsory to give the CFA program?

Candidate must have bachelor’s degree or he must be final year student of undergraduate course. The 4,000 work experience candidates also may apply for it.

2. How hard is CFA exam?

40-50% CFA pass rate, difficult but guaranteed by constant practice. Level-wise, candidates practice 300+ hours.

3. What does CFA program becoming fee include?

Becoming CFA program fee is $2,500-$4,000 and registration fee and exam fee. Training courses and study guides are additional fees.

4. CFA charterholder salary is what?

On average, charterholders for CFA earn ₹10-30 LPA in India and $100,000+ in other nations. Salaries are variable based on experience and designations.

5. Is it easy to work while pursuing the CFA program?

Yes, the CFA program is for professionals. It is based on focused self-study, and it is possible to work and study simultaneously.

6. How is CFA program different from MBA in finance?

A CFA is the skill of investment analysis and management, and an MBA is knowledge of general business. Both are acquired by the majority of professionals for professional advancement.

7. What is the career opportunity after CFA Level I?

Career opportunities for CFA Level I candidates are Financial Analyst, Risk Consultant, and Equity Research Associate, and area of professional development to newer landscapes.

Conclusion

Chartered Financial Analyst Program is an investment of every rupee for career-focused finance professionals who desire to start the next phase of professional life. With its broad syllabus, rigorous exams, and global acceptability, CFA certification is a passport to lucrative investment banking, asset management, and corporate finance careers.

To the next generation of finance professionals, CFA program overview is the key to succeed in advanced CFA training and a structured CFA career path. Whatever you start with and start anew in your corporate career, a CFA charter will lead you to the pinnacle and peak of finance.

Once you are prepared to further your career in finance, enroll for a CFA training program today and begin on the path to greatness in finances.

Top Financial Leadership Skills Every New CFO Needs

Posted on September 16, 2025October 31, 2025 by Imarticus Learning

Introduction

Arriving on the scene into the volatile and technologically driven landscape, demanding growth through innovation and adaptability, CFO activities do not concern themselves with book balancing and compliance. In short, if you seek to enter the CFO role, one thing is certain–you can no longer rely on a CFO toolbox of yesterday.

The contemporary CFO should be a strategic thinker, a technologically savvy decision-maker, and a powerful leader, all combined into one. From AI-driven analytics skills to financial agility, the competencies have changed significantly. That’s where Chief financial officer training comes in—not only for survival, but for superior performance.

Financial Leadership Skills for CFOs

Those days are gone when CFOs were limited to control and accounting functions. They now head large multifunctional teams, impact boardroom discussions, and shape long-term strategies. It is no longer a choice, but integral—developing financial leadership skills.

A strong CFO today needs grit, emotional smarts, and the ability to genuinely connect with people—especially when things get rocky. It’s not just about the numbers anymore. Effective people management, clear communication across teams & leading change with real presence have all become essential to driving results. If a CFO can’t step up & inspire confidence, especially during tough times, they’re missing the mark.

Top Leadership Skills for CFOs Today:

Skill	Description
Visionary Thinking	Setting financial direction aligned with business goals
Cross-functional Leadership	Collaborating with Marketing, IT, HR, and Operations
Talent Development	Mentoring finance teams for future leadership
Change Management	Driving and managing financial transformation
Stakeholder Communication	Presenting to boards, investors, regulators

Investment in Chief financial officer training enables leaders to sharpen these soft and strategic skills—particularly those transitioning from operational finance.

Strategic Thinking for CFOs

Strategic foresight is what truly sets a standout CFO apart in today’s business landscape. It’s not enough anymore to just deliver the numbers every quarter.. companies expect their CFOs to provide sharp insights that actually shape the organization’s direction. A CFO with strategic vision doesn’t just focus on financial statements -they’re evaluating capital investments, analyzing long-term risks, exploring opportunities in new markets, and ensuring the company is ahead of the curve with sustainability initiatives. That’s the difference between simply managing finances and actually driving the business forward. The CFO now has to co-own corporate strategy and work hand in hand with CEOs and COOs.

The most crucial aspects of strategic thinking are:

Long-term scenario planning
M&A evaluation and due diligence
Return on capital analytics
Sustainability and ESG reporting
Market intelligence and benchmarking

According to McKinsey, 41% of CFOs now dedicate most of their time to strategic leadership roles, compared to only 25% a decade ago. Clearly, the bar has been raised.

Mastering Financial Risk Management

Risk is now more multidimensional than ever—cybersecurity, global supply chains, currency fluctuations, regulatory changes—the list keeps growing. That’s why financial risk management sits at the core of a modern CFO’s responsibilities.

New-generation CFOs must move from reactive to proactive risk approaches. They must not only comprehend risk exposure but also develop frameworks that enhance resilience and business continuity.

Major risk management areas for CFOs:

Operational risk and fraud detection
Cybersecurity and data privacy governance
Treasury risk such as currency and interest rates
Climate and sustainability-linked financial disclosures
Regulatory compliance geographically

Most of these dangers are handled by the application of predictive analytics, AI-based models, and scenario planning—capabilities that may be learned through Chief financial officer training packages for the future.

A good read here is by Deloitte detailing how CFOs are becoming the focal point of enterprise risk strategy.

Digital Finance Skills for Modern CFOs

Finance is going digital, and fast. From robotic process automation (RPA) to cloud ERP to predictive modeling, technology is redefining the role of finance. CFOs today must build strong digital finance skills to stay relevant and future-ready.

You don’t need to be a coder to thrive in digital finance, but understanding the tools and how to apply them for insights and efficiency is vital.

Major Digital Tools CFOs Need to Know:

Tool/Tech	Purpose
Power BI / Tableau	Data visualisation and insights
SAP S/4HANA / Oracle	Cloud-based financial planning and control
AI/ML Models	Predictive forecasting, anomaly detection
RPA Tools	Automating routine finance tasks
Blockchain	Secure, real-time ledger tracking

An HBR study mentions that organisations with technologically savvy CFOs realize 1.5x greater profitability and customer satisfaction growth.

If you’re a finance professional aspiring to lead, explore the Postgraduate Certificate Postgraduate Certificate Programme for Emerging CFOs by IIM Indore. It blends leadership, finance strategy, and digital innovation to future-proof your journey.

Pathways for CFO Career Growth

The CFO career path has changed. Today’s CFOs often function as strategists, technologist, compliance officers, and advisors to the board. To ensure future growth and that you to acquire, to learn and invest in opportunities to grow and that will set you up for future growth as a CFO, is essential to map your journey.

Regardless if you are coming up from a controller position or pivoting from investment banking, what capabilities you need at each path can create momentum to moving forward. Mentorship, upskilling and certification will have a huge impact.

CFO Career Development Roadmap:

Level 1: Senior Manager/Analyst

Develop core technical competencies, budgeting, and financial modeling.

Level 2: Director/Financial Controller

Take ownership of audit, reporting, and budgeting.

Level 3: Strategy Head/VP Finance

Exposure to leadership, M&A, and investor relations.

Level 4: CFO

Oversee enterprise-wide initiatives, board communication, and strategy execution.

To remain competitive, you need to focus on professional growth with formal Chief financial officer training aligned with business directions and individual goals.

Key Takeaways

The changing role of CFO broadens from finance leader to strategic and digital executive.
Great leadership in financial management is required, whilst managing people, unpleasant change, and value delivery.
Business-oriented thinking enables CFOs with long-term influence in business and credibility at board level.
Being a CFO entails risk management in finance-centric making of decisions, which is crucial in a globalised, technology-driven, and complex economy.
Endowing future-proof digital finance skills makes CFOs transformation enablers rather than scorekeepers.
Career growth for CFOs necessitates attitude upgrading, proactive thinking, and forward thinking.
Pursuing future-centric courses such as Imarticus Learning’s Chief financial officer training will help unleash your full leadership potential.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Why is chief financial officer training essential for modern finance leaders?

Chief financial officer training equips aspiring CFOs with the advanced leadership, strategic thinking, and digital finance skills needed to navigate complex business environments and lead enterprise transformation.

2. What are the most critical financial leadership skills for today’s CFOs?

Modern CFOs are expected to collaborate across departments, communicate persuasively with stakeholders, cultivate talent, and maintain composure during chaos—because, let’s face it, disruption is the norm now. Anyone hoping to thrive needs to be more than a numbers person; they need the toolkit to lead transformation from the front.

3. How does strategic thinking help CFOs drive business growth?
Strategic thinking enables CFOs to go beyond financial reporting and contribute to corporate strategy through capital planning, M&A insights, market analysis, and ESG initiatives.

4. What role does digital finance play in a CFO’s responsibilities today?
Digital finance skills help CFOs leverage tools like AI, RPA, and data analytics for real-time insights, efficiency gains, and predictive forecasting—crucial for staying competitive.

5. How do CFOs remain ahead in financial risk management?

CFOs need to use proactive risk models on cybersecurity, treasury, compliance, and sustainability. Contemporary training enhances capability in AI-enabled risk analytics and scenario planning.

6. What’s the best path for CFO career growth?
The typical path includes roles like senior analyst, controller, finance director, and VP of finance—each requiring targeted upskilling. Structured training and mentorship are key to advancing to the CFO level.

7. Are there soft skills CFOs need today?

Yes. Emotional intelligence, communication, toughness, and people leadership are now equally essential as technical skills for successful CFO performance.

8. Do I require a technology background to acquire digital finance skills?

No. Although some basic understanding is beneficial, CFO-centric programs break down intricate tools and focus on applied usage over intensive technical coding.

9. What are the benefits of enrolling in the IIM Indore CFO program?
The program offers a comprehensive mix of strategic finance, leadership, and digital innovation training—designed to accelerate CFO readiness and career growth in a global context.

10. How can I assess if I’m ready for CFO training?

If you’re currently in mid-to-senior finance roles, eager to lead transformation, and want to expand your strategic and digital capabilities, CFO training is the next logical step in your journey.

Conclusion

Today’s CFO is not merely a number-cruncher; they define the story. In an age of continued transformation—whether from AI disruption, or ESG imperatives—today’s CFO must be a strategist, technologist, and a coach. It requires a different skillset—combining technical aptitude, business sensibility, digital experience and emotional intelligence.

If you are willing to ascend to the next generation of financial leadership, now is the right time to do so. Through customized programs such as the Postgraduate Certificate Programme for Emerging CFOs by IIM Indore and Imarticus Learning, you can move on from being a capable finance manager to being an impactful CFO.