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What is the Difference Between Working in a Private Equity and an Investment bank?

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

An Investment bank is responsible for raising capital and assists its clients in making financial decisions. They help businesses to raise capital via investment from investors. Private equity also helps in raising capital but it is different from an Investment bank in many ways. Both these fields are concerned with the shares of any particular firm/company but their working methodology is different from one another. The professionals who work in both these sectors also have a different working approach. Read on to know more about the differences between working in private equity and an Investment bank.

Difference between Private Equity and an Investment bank

The major differences are as follows:

  • Investment banks provide investment opportunities to their clients but they never buy shares in their client’s business. They assist their clients in raising capital but are never involved in the business whereas if you are working in private equity, you will try to buy a stake in your client’s business. Private equity is fully involved in the client’s business. You can say that besides assisting in raising capital as Investment banks do, they are also an investor for their clients.
  • An Investment bank can help its clients in generating capital and this process can go till the client is satisfied with the bank’s services. In the case of private equity, you will try to buy an underperforming company and then make it successful and quickly sell your stake to some other stakeholder and exit from that company. They try to buy a stake at lower prices and sell it at higher prices.
  • An Investment bank knows the revenue it has to generate for its client in advance whereas if you are working in private equity, there is no limit up to how much you can increase the value of your stake. Private equity also shares their client’s profit as they are also stakeholders in that particular company. Mostly, private equity receives its profit share in dividends.
  • The target investors of private equity are generally UHNWI (Ultra-High Net-Worth Individuals) for investing in ventures whereas an Investment bank generally provides its services to all types of companies/firms ranging from mid-level companies to high-level companies.
  • The analysis of clients, market structure, etc. done in the Investment banks is more detailed and critical because they have to identify the risk associated with any client. On a contrary note, private equity does data analysis only to find out about the trends and potential investors. There is not much risk associated with their clients as they mostly work with UHNWI clients who can manage themselves pretty well.

Working Culture of Employees in an Investment bank and a Private Equity

An Investment bank has a workforce consisting of analysts, consultants, etc. who are larger in number as compared to the number of workers in private equity. Private equity works with a limited number of employees and has fewer working hours as compared to an Investment bank. The employees in Investment banks have fixed salaries but the employees in private equity are also involved in the business and many times get a small percent of the share of any particular venture where their firm is investing.

One can choose any of the aforementioned fields according to their interests. The skills required are almost the same in both of these sectors. You need to have more negotiation skills for working in private equity and if you are working in Investment banking, you need to have an analytical approach. To learn more about the working methodology, one can take up Investment banking courses available on the internet.

Also Read: Difference Between Investment Banking and Corporate Finance

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Confused Between Model Building Approach Historical Simulation? Things To Consider!

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

If you consider Basel II, there are two ways of calculating Market Risks VAR:
• Historical Simulation Approach
• Model Building Approach

What makes them different?

Historical Simulation approach is most frequently used by organisations. As the name suggests, we consider daily changes in past/historical values to compute the likelihood of the variations in values of current portfolio between given time frame. The other advanced version of this model places more emphasis on recent observations. The key assumption in historical simulation is that the set of possible future outcomes is fully represented by what occurred in a definite historical time frame/window.

On the other side, model-building approach involves assumptions about the joint probability distributions of the returns on the market variables. This model is also known as variance-covariance approach.

This is more apt for portfolios which has short as well as long positions in their bucket. This consists of commodities, bonds, equities, etc. in the portfolio. Here, the mean and standard deviation are computed from the distribution of the underlying assets returns and the correlation between them.

Daily returns on the investments are normally assumed to be multivariate normal which can be the models biggest drawback. Hence, model-building approach makes it easy to calculate Var.

Model Building approach assumes two things:
• The daily change in the value of a portfolio is linearly related to the daily returns from market variables
• The returns from the market variables are normally distributed

Shortcomings of Historical Simulations
Over reliance on past data can fail to serve the purpose as markets change every moment. The momentum can be gradual or sudden, but does not remain static.

Large number of factors like Technology, regulatory changes, economic conditions, seasonal patterns, etc. influence market and in such scenarios manager who are using historical simulation can face unfavorable situation.

Shortcomings of Model Building Approach
Also this approach is much more complex to use when a portfolio comprises of nonlinear products such as options. It is also a grim task to relax the assumption that returns are normal without a significant increase in totaling time.

When to use? Model building vs. Historical simulation.
Depending on the situation, appropriate model should be adopted by the organisation. While both of them have pros and cons, it is important to list down the objectives of risk model before adopting either of them.

Model building approach producer quicker results and can be used in conjunction with volatility and other correlation procedures.

The advantage of the historical simulation approach is that the joint probability distribution of the market variables is determined by historical data. This approach may not be very complicated however, it is little slow for computation. However, the methodology used in historical simulation is in line the risk factor and does not involve any estimation of variances or covariance’s which are statistical parameters.

One should use historical simulation model only when they have data on all risk factors over a justified historical period if they want the model to depict strong representation of the outcome in future.

To know more about model building join Imarticus Learning’s Financial Modeling Certification Courses, which will help you understanding opportunities in the Investment Banking, Private Equity, Budgeting and Financial Control space.