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Financial Ratio Analysis: Calculating Financial Ratios for Investments

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

Financial ratios are one of the key tools of investment analysis.

They act as powerful tools that condense complex financial data from a company’s balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement into clear, concise metrics. Financial ratio analysis empowers investors and investment firms to become active participants in the market, making informed decisions based on data-driven insights.

Types of Ratios in Financial Analysis

These financial ratio analysis metrics provide investors with a deeper understanding of a company’s financial health across various aspects:

  • Liquidity: Liquidity ratios reveal a company’s ability to meet its short-term obligations. They indicate if a company has sufficient cash flow to cover upcoming expenses.
  • Profitability: Profitability ratios assess a company’s efficiency in generating profits. They reveal how effectively a company uses its resources to translate sales into earnings.
  • Solvency: Solvency ratios evaluate a company’s ability to manage its long-term debt burden. These ratios are crucial for understanding a company’s financial risk profile.
  • Efficiency: Efficiency ratios provide insights into how well a company manages its assets and generates sales. These metrics can reveal operational strengths and weaknesses.

By analysing these key ratios, investors and firms can move beyond face-value financial data and make informed decisions. Now that we know what is ratio analysis, let us learn about why financial ratio analysis is essential. Comparing a company’s ratios to industry benchmarks and its own historical performance allows for:

  • Identifying Potential Red Flags: Unusual fluctuations or consistently low ratios compared to the industry average might indicate underlying financial issues.
  • Uncovering Undervalued Gems: Strong ratios across categories can signal a company with solid fundamentals that might be undervalued by the market.
  • Building a Winning Portfolio: By incorporating financial ratio analysis into your investment strategy, you can select companies with strong financial health and growth potential.

Financial Statements: Our Data Source

Financial ratio analysis unlocks valuable information, but where do you find the raw data? Look no further than a company’s financial statements, the official reports detailing its financial health. Three key statements provide the foundation for ratio calculations:

Balance Sheet

This snapshot at a specific date shows a company’s assets (what it owns), liabilities (what it owes), and shareholders’ equity (the difference between assets and liabilities). It essentially tells you the company’s net worth. Look for line items like cash, inventory, accounts receivable (money owed by customers), accounts payable (money owed to suppliers), and shareholders’ equity.

Income Statement

This report summarises a company’s financial performance over a specific period (quarter or year). It details revenue (money earned from sales), expenses (costs incurred), and net income (profit earned after expenses). You will find data points like sales revenue, cost of goods sold, operating expenses, and net income.

Cash Flow Statement

This statement tracks the movement of cash within a company over a period. It categorises cash flow from operating activities (generating revenue), investing activities (acquiring or selling assets), and financing activities (issuing debt or equity). Look for lines like net cash flow from operating activities and net cash flow from financing activities.

If you are new to financial statements, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) offers a beginner’s guide. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) of the Government of India also offers a learning module on “Presentation of Financial Statements” which provides a basic understanding of these documents. However, if you wish to become an expert in financial analysis and if you are looking for a career in finance, it is recommended that you enrol in a comprehensive course such as the Postgraduate Financial Analysis Program.

Beyond the Numbers: Context

Financial ratio analysis is a powerful tool, but it does not exist in a vacuum. To make sound investment decisions, we need to interpret financial ratios in context. Here is why:

  • Industry Benchmarks: A seemingly low current ratio for a retail company might be perfectly normal compared to the industry average for wholesalers with slower inventory turnover.
  • Company History: Track a company’s ratios over time. A declining gross margin could indicate rising costs or weakening pricing power, requiring further investigation.
  • Future Outlook: Consider a company’s projected growth trajectory. A high debt-to-equity ratio might be justifiable for a rapidly growing company with the potential to generate significant future earnings.

External factors can also influence financial ratio analysis. A recession might lower profitability ratios across industries, while new regulations could impact a company’s efficiency ratios. By considering these contextual factors alongside the raw numbers, you can gain a more in-depth understanding of a company’s financial health and make informed investment decisions based on a holistic analysis.

Building Your Investment Strategy with Financial Ratio Analysis

Here is how financial ratio analysis empowers your investment strategy:

  • Undervalued Gems: Companies with strong ratios across categories, particularly profitability and efficiency, might be trading below their intrinsic value. Ratio analysis can help you uncover potential diamonds in the rough.
  • Growth Potential: A company with consistently rising profitability ratios and improving efficiency ratios might be poised for future growth. Ratios can provide clues about a company’s ability to generate sustainable profits.
  • Investment Comparison: Analysing ratios of different companies within the same industry allows you to compare their financial health, risk profiles, and growth prospects. This data-driven approach can guide you in selecting the most promising investment options.

We should always remember that financial ratio analysis is a valuable tool, but not the only one. We can always consider incorporating other investment analysis techniques like fundamental analysis and technical analysis to build a comprehensive investment strategy.

Pro Tips for Mastering Financial Ratio Analysis

Unleash the full potential of financial ratio analysis with these actionable tips:

Tip 1: Build Your Ratio Arsenal: Create a financial ratio spreadsheet. Include formulas for key ratios from each category (liquidity, profitability, solvency, efficiency) for easy calculation and comparison across companies. Track historical trends for a company’s ratios to identify potential red flags or areas of improvement.

Tip 2: Leverage Online Tools: Numerous online financial ratio analysis tools can streamline the process. These tools often provide pre-calculated ratios for publicly traded companies, saving you valuable time and effort.

Tip 3: Don’t Go Solo: Financial ratios are powerful, but they can’t tell the whole story. Enrol in a solid investment banking program for personalised investment guidance. Learning from professionals in an extensive financial analysis course such as the Postgraduate Financial Analysis Program can help you interpret ratios in context and consider other investment factors such as risk tolerance for investors and companies. This program will teach you many other essential financial analysis concepts as well.

Wrapping Up

Financial ratios are like a financial compass, guiding you towards informed investment decisions. By understanding key ratio categories, interpreting them in context, and incorporating them into your investment strategy, you can navigate the market with greater confidence. Remember, financial ratios are a powerful tool, but use them alongside other analysis techniques and seek professional guidance for a well-rounded investment approach.

If you are looking for a career in finance, you can enrol in the Postgraduate Financial Analysis Program by Imarticus Learning. This program is for finance graduates with 0-3 years of work experience and this holistic program will teach you everything you need to know about financial analysis.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are financial ratios and why are they important?

Financial ratios are calculations that condense complex financial data into easy-to-understand metrics. They help investors assess a company’s financial health, profitability, and risk profile, enabling informed investment decisions.

Where do I find the data to calculate financial ratios?

The data you need comes from a company’s financial statements: balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. These statements detail a company’s assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and cash flow.

What are some key types of ratios to focus on?

Focus on ratios that assess liquidity (ability to meet short-term obligations), profitability (efficiency in generating profits), solvency (ability to manage debt), and efficiency (how well a company manages its assets and generates sales).

What is ratio analysis?

Financial ratio analysis is a method used to assess a company’s financial health by comparing different financial data points from its financial statements. By calculating ratios, investors and analysts can gain insights into a company’s financial health.

A Complete Guide to Horizontal Analysis

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

Horizontal analysis is a significant aspect of the world of finance. It is a systematic approach to analysing financial statements by drawing conclusions by comparing financial information for an accounting period while comparing the specific information with other accounting periods. it is usually analysed as the growth in the percentage of a specific item in a year while comparing it with the base year.

Horizontal analysis is important for companies as it helps to easily spot trends and analyse the growth patterns of specific items. Learning horizontal analysis is a must. Acquiring the knowledge of horizontal analysis is a must for individuals who want to build a career in finance.

Read on to understand “what is meant by horizontal analysis?” And how it impacts the finances of an organisation.

What is Meant by Horizontal Analysis?

Horizontal analysis is a key aspect of financial statement analysis which allows users to compare a specific line of item of an accounting period with that of other accounting periods. It is basically done to draw conclusions about the growth or fall of an item.

Horizontal analysis can be used in two ways. One is absolute comparison and another is percentage comparison. Here, the baseline is taken as a hundred percent and a comparison of other accounting periods is drawn accordingly. Hence, this approach is also known as base year analysis.

Horizontal analysis of financial statements is crucial for determining the growth of an organisation when compared to its competitors. It is a way of asserting historical trends which helps organisations to know which part is profitable and which is incurring losses.

Horizontal Analysis in Reporting Standards

As stated in the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), financial statements should be projected in such a manner that the information is consistent and comparable in order to evaluate the company’s financial performance. Individuals trying to build a career in finance should be well versed in the GAAP principles and draft the financial statements accordingly.

Here, consistency implies that if a company is following a certain method of accounting in the base year, it must follow the same accounting method in the consecutive years. Therefore, the results remain authentic and constant over the accounting periods.

Secondly, by comparability, the standards dictate an organisation to maintain its financial statements and other relevant documents in such a manner that can be evaluated and compared with other companies in the same industry. 

Hence, horizontal analysis of financial statements allows the companies to improve the consistency and comparability constraint as outlined by the GAAP.

Key Metrics in Horizontal Analysis

A company’s financial performance is reflected by its financial statements which consist of the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and cash flow statement. These financial statements project a clear picture of the organisational performance for that accounting period. At the same time, emerging trends, strengths and weaknesses, critical operational aspects and improvement areas of a company can be ascertained by analysing the various factors such as return on equity, profit margin and inventory turnover ratio.

For instance, an organisation’s management may project that the sudden growth of profit or the decline of the cost of goods sold is the reason for the growth per share. After performing horizontal analysis for interest coverage ratio and cash flow to debt ratio the company may conclude whether there has been sufficient liquidity for the accounting year or not. A horizontal balance sheet can also used to compare the growth rate, profitability, losses and overall business performance of various companies and in the same company for various accounting periods. 

How Horizontal Analysis Works?

Horizontal analysis of financial statements provides a clear picture to the investors and the shareholders of the company of how the organisation has performed for a particular accounting period. It allows investors to ascertain what has been the driving force of the company and what results it has yielded in their favour. They can easily identify the loopholes and see the growth trend by comparing the relative changes.

For building a career in finance, it’s important to perform a proper analysis of the financial statements of a company such as cash flow statement, income statement and balance sheet. These reveal the company’s operating efficiency along with the operational results.

The analysis of critical aspects of a company’s finances, such as its return to equity, inventory turnover, and profit margins depends upon horizontal analysis. Coverage ratios show the liquidity capacity of a company and its ability to meet its current debts. With effective horizontal analysis, the growth and profitability of a company can also be evaluated.

To know more about horizontal analysis and its working structure, one may enrol on an insightful financial analysis course. The Postgraduate Financial Analysis Programme by Imarticus is a great pick where you can gain hands-on knowledge about the said topic. 

How to Perform a Horizontal Analysis?

The procedure of horizontal analysis is short and crisp. However, it involves three major steps that need to be followed with precision. 

The following other steps that one needs to follow to perform horizontal analysis of financial statements:

Step 1: gather financial information

To proceed with the process of horizontal analysis, financial individuals need to gather financial information about a company for various accounting periods. This is generally done by drawing annual financial statements during various accounting years. Thereafter, specific account balances in the balance sheet or cash flow statement are looked upon to uphold a specific line analysis.

Individuals need to ensure that the gap between each financial statement remains consistent. Otherwise, the calculation and conclusion will not be accurate. However, the interval of the accounting period is at the discretion of the organisation, it can be done on a monthly, quarterly or yearly. However, the difference between each iterative accounting period should remain equal and consistent for precise comparison of financial information.

Step 2: determine comparison methods

After successfully gathering the financial information of an entity for various accounting periods, the next step is to decide on the comparison method. There are several primary comparison methods such as direct comparison, variance analysis, horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, and so on.

Here, the chosen approach is horizontal analysis where the comparison is strong by the change in percentage of one accounting period to another. However, all the percentage change is calculated while considering the base year chosen by the organisation. As the company’s operation grows, it becomes difficult to maintain the same growth rate. 

In order to identify changes over a longer period, the percentage method proves to be very useful. This method also provides indications of significant deviations in the current period when compared to the base year.

Step 3: identify trends and patterns

After the entire calculation process is done, and the financial information is verified, it is time to analyse the outcomes. However, the identification of growth, trends and patterns is characterised by taking into account some specifically guided concerns.

For instance, the management may want to know how well the cost of goods sold for a particular region has been. In that case, the financial analyst needs to provide the result for that specific line of item for various accounting periods. It helps to understand the comparison and also identify the growth rate.

Example of Horizontal Analysis

Horizontal analysis of financial statements is a way to measure the changes in dollars or percentages for various accounting periods by drawing a comparison with the base year. When people having a career in finance state that the revenue has gone up by 10% for the quarter, it means that such individuals are talking about the outcome of horizontal analysis. 

The percentage change is calculated by dividing the dollar change between the base year and the year in question by considering the line item. The quotient is then multiplied by 100.

To calculate horizon analysis in percentage the following formula has to be used:

Horizontal analysis (%)= {(amount in comparison year – amount in base year)/ amount in base year} * 100

For example, if an investor wants to invest in ABC company, the investor will want to know how the company has performed over the past years. let’s say that in company ABC, the base year reported the net revenue to be $10 million and retained income of $50 million. 

The current year, that is the question of the same company has reported net revenue of $20 million and retained income of $52 million. As a consequence, the net increase has been $10 million, and the earnings retained for that particular particular year is $2 million.

Therefore, the net worth of the company shot up by 100%. 

That is, 

($20 million -$10 million)/$10 million * 100

Whereas, its retained income only grew by 4%.

That is,

($52 million -$50 million)/ $50 million * 100

  period 1 (base year) period 2 (current year) change % change
Net revenue $10 million $20 million + $10 million 100%
Retained income $50 million $52 million + $2 million 4%

Advantages of Horizontal Analysis

Horizontal analysis offers very few disadvantages in financial reporting and financial analysis. The following are the benefits of horizontal analysis:

  • It provides a clear picture of the company’s financial performance and health.
  • It helps to easily identify growth patterns and trends by comparing financial information of different accounting periods.
  • It states whether the company is in a growth stage or facing a decline.
  • Horizontal analysis helps the management of a company to make informed decisions.
  • It helps to identify the irregularities and anomalies within the company.
  • It helps to elevate benchmarking against competitors and industry-standard standards.
  • It allows an in-depth examination of the financial information of the company, which leads to a better understanding of the company’s financial health.
  • The outcomes of horizontal analysis aid in strategic planning and sustainable business growth.

Criticism of Horizontal Analysis

Horizontal analysis is considered a beneficial approach for companies to ascertain their financial performance, but it is characterised by certain criticism as well. A financial analyst can manipulate the conclusions of horizontal analysis based on the year he chooses as the base year and how many accounting periods he takes into consideration for drawing the comparison.

For instance, the current accounting year’s profit may outshine the ones with which it is compared. On the other hand, it may prove to be relatively poor when compared to the profits of the preceding years which has not been taken into consideration. Hence, it is important for individuals wanting to build a career in finance to know that in such scenarios, leaving a footnote about the financial statement and its consistency is one of the best practices.

Another issue with horizontal analysis of financial statements is that the aggregation of financial information in those statements may have changed over time. It means that the expenses, revenues, assets and liabilities may have changed in different accounting periods. Hence, these changes can cause variations when comparing the account balances of one accounting year to another. 

Precise horizontal analysis thus gets affected due to these variations and meticulous selection of the base year and consecutive accounting years for comparison.

Conclusion

Horizontal analysis is an amazing approach to financial analysis that is used to analyse a company’s financial performance over time. It compares previous and current financial performance for various accounting years, which helps to provide a clear picture of how the company is doing. With horizontal analysis, an organisation can spot growth trends and deviations with much accuracy.

If you are a finance professional or you want to step into the field of finance then becoming a financial analyst is a great career option. There are multiple financial analyst courses that you can take to improve your skill set. The Postgraduate Financial Analysis Program by Imarticus is an insightful course that will help you leverage your abilities in the field of finance.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • How to do horizontal analysis step-by-step?

There are three major steps involved in the process of horizontal analysis. The first step is to gather financial information, followed by determining the comparison methods. Lastly, identified trends and patterns.

  • What is the formula used to complete a horizontal analysis?

For calculating horizontal analysis, the formula is: 

Horizontal analysis (%)= {(amount in comparison year – amount in base year)/ amount in base year} * 100

  • What is another name for horizontal analysis?

Horizontal analysis is also known as trend analysis where individuals compare the change in the financial statements of one accounting year with another.

  • How to calculate the current ratio?

One can calculate the current ratio by dividing a company’s total current assets by its total current liabilities. The current ratio is a resource that can easily be converted into cash and cash equivalents within one year or less than that.

A Deep Dive Into Understanding DuPont Analysis

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

In the tangled environment of financial ratio analysis, technologies that reduce complex indicators into useful insights are foundations of well-informed choices. Among these, DuPont Analysis stands out as a key player leveraged for its ability to decipher primary aspects of a company’s profitability and efficiencies. This analytical tool, established after the DuPont Corporation, acts as a powerful lens, breaking Return on Equity (ROE) into its constituent elements to reveal the complexities of financial results.

Understanding what is DuPont Analysis goes beyond financial measures at its basis, providing a complex approach that breaks down ROE into three important components: profitability margin, asset turnover, and monetary leverage. It reveals the roots of a business’s competitive edge, productivity, and financial risk by evaluating these factors.

This article aims to delve deep into what is DuPont analysis. Navigate its diverse aspects, examine real-world applications, and assess the complex environment of constraints. Those who want to pursue a financial analyst course can enrol in the program offered by Imarticus Learning. 

You can understand the mechanics of DuPont Analysis through this article, and it will provide aspiring analysts and enthusiasts with a full knowledge of its practical consequences in analysing enterprises’ financial condition.

DuPont Analysis Formula

The DuPont equation is well-known for its ability to break down Return on Equity (ROE) into three basic components. Knowing each of these components provides a more nuanced view of an organisation’s financial growth:

Financial Analysis Course

Turnover of Total Assets

Total asset turnover (TATO) measures a company’s ability to use its assets to produce sales. The formula for calculating it is as follows:

[Total asset turnover = Revenue or Sales/Total Assets]

The net profit margin is inversely proportionate to this financial ratio. It allows financiers to compare firms with high-profit, low-volume business models in a comparable industry.

Profitability (Net Profit Margin)

The net profit margin measures how effectively a company generates lucrative sales. In simple terms, it shows how much profit a firm makes on its income. The following formula can be used to calculate the net profit of an organisation margin:

[Net profit margin = net income divided by sales or revenue]

Net profit represents the cash that is left after settling all expenses, combining taxes and payrolls.

Equity Multiplier (Financial Leverage)

The equity multiplier calculates the amount of liability and debt an organisation has incurred. Firms borrow money from a variety of lenders, including banks, bond markets, and investment firms, to fund their businesses and to reach their objectives.

The equity multiplier is calculated as follows:

[Equity multiplier = Total Assets divided by Shareholders’ Equity]

A high equity multiplier indicates that a corporation has borrowed heavily to acquire assets and, hence, has a higher probability of bankruptcy.

Applications of DuPont Analysis: Unveiling Financial Insights Across Diverse Scenarios

DuPont analysis is a complex economic tool with many uses in a variety of settings. Here are a few renowned scenarios:

Performance Assessment

You can assess whether the organisation’s success is due mostly to smooth operations, efficient asset use, or advantageous economic leverage.

Examining Management Effectiveness

DuPont analysis is used to assess the performance of a company’s management. Consider a corporation that consistently improves its percentage of net profit and the turnover of assets. That indicates management is effectively employing methods to increase productivity and profitability.

Comparison of Businesses

When analysing investments in a certain industry, DuPont analysis allows you to analyse the ROEs of several companies in the same market in greater depth. It reveals organisations that are more effective in operations, better at asset utilisation, and efficiently regulate their finances.

Risk Evaluation

Through DuPont analysis, you may assess the risks connected with your investment through knowledge of each aspect of ROE. For example, an organisation with a high ROE due to excess financial debt could be riskier than one with an equivalent ROE due to managerial efficiency.

Future Performance Prediction

DuPont analysis allows you to create many scenarios and analyse how changes in key components affect an organisation’s future ROE. As a result, you can make better investing selections.

The Bottom Line

DuPont Analysis has been thoroughly analysed, providing a comprehensive knowledge of this useful investment tool. The inner workings are explained by the DuPont Analysis Formula of separating Return on Equity (ROE) into its component parts.

Understanding what is DuPont Analysis acts as a compass, managing the complexities of financial analysis and highlighting its position as a critical tool in analysing and comprehending the financial performance of an organisation.

Individuals who desire to become financial analysts and elevate their careers can explore the Postgraduate Financial Analysis Program offered by Imarticus. This financial analyst course is intended for graduates with less than three years of finance expertise and provides a platform for them to re-evaluate their professional paths.

What are Disadvantages and Advantages of Financial Statement Analysis?

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

Companies choose different processes to be profitable, safely increasing their productivity. One of the safest ways is the analysis of financial statements; its use makes it easier to respond to possible problems. The advantages of financial statement analysis in a company include the fulfillment of the business plan, such as better communication within the company and increased productivity.

The objectives of financial analysis is to generate financial statements that are true statements of the company’s health. Financial documents and statements must be prepared and published on a yearly, quarterly, biannual, and monthly basis.

What is Financial analysis? 

Financial statement analysis covers a company’s operational budget, assets, expenses, liabilities, earnings, and the net worth of liabilities and assets. Financial analysts, accountants, and planners use these statements to enable decision-making expansions, future planning, fundraising, and market launches among others. However, there are bound to be some disadvantages too. Let us explore them.

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Advantages of Financial Statement Analysis 

Pattern Detection and forecasting: The importance of financial analysis lies in its ability to reveal earnings per year, sales, and profits accrued. Though sales figures may vary, financial planners will be in a position to find a correlative pattern over a few years of sales data. Take the example of a company that may reveal a trend of sales increases whenever new products are marketed and released. Sales could drop after, let’s say, a year of the product launch. The advantages of financial statement analysis are huge for companies, as it forecasts a market life of about a year, which is useful as it shows sales patterns for product launches, a sales drop after a year, and a need for new products in a year.

Budget Outline in Real-Time: Decision-making for planning the future, budget estimations, corrective actions required for efficient budgeting, and more such decisions are some of the aspects that add to the importance of financial analysis. One of the advantages of financial statement analysis is that it reveals how much you can spend on marketing or product launches, strategizing for marketing campaigns, future expansions, and requirements for funding. 

Disadvantages of Financial Analysis 

Based on the patterns of the market: A big disadvantage of financial statement analysis and use for making strategic decisions is that it is based on figures and data on current market conditions, which may fluctuate. Past performance is a good indicator and motivator. It cannot, however, guarantee fluctuations and future demands. A cautious approach is needed as part of the objectives of financial analysis for the interpretation of financial ratios and statements to prevent excessive risk-taking based purely on forecasts.

Analysis of At-One-Time basis: As the name suggests, the forecast and analysis are applicable at that time only. It does not reveal or compare the past performance or future forecast at one glance. One will need to exercise caution by generating and reporting continuously rather than on a one-time basis. Such extrapolation of data and financial analysis undertaken frequently is crucial to the company’s health and decision-making abilities.

Why study financial analysis?

Consider getting a finance certification so that you will understand the advantages of financial statement analysis better.

Course skills and requirements

A graduation degree or even a Master’s in Finance goes a long way. Add relevant certifications. Those from a non-financial background can also take these courses, as most offer boot camps to understand what is financial analysis.

Course advantages: The course offers a good grasp of basics, concepts, theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and finance certifications that could help enhance your resume and career.

10 Essential Personal Finance Tips for Financial Independence

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

What is financial independence?

Financial independence is the feeling of liberty experienced by a person regarding their finances. It can mean different things to different people. While for some, it is about having enough money to take a break from work, for others, it can also mean having enough funds to live a certain lifestyle. This article will discuss tips for becoming financially independent. You can also pursue finance courses online to learn how to lead a more financially independent lifestyle.

Significance of obtaining financial knowledge

Gaining financial knowledge is pivotal for making informed decisions and securing a stable financial future. It empowers you to manage, invest, and grow your wealth effectively. Enrolling in financial analysis courses can provide valuable insights into budgeting, investing, and financial planning, equipping you with the skills needed to navigate the complex world of finance successfully.

10 Tips for financial independence

Achieving financial independence is a goal that many aspire to, and these ten tips provide essential guidance on attaining greater control over your finances and securing your financial future.

1. Understand your current position

The first step towards financial freedom is knowing your current financial standing, including your income, expenses, savings, and debt. Essentially, get acquainted with your financial statement covering income, expenses, assets, and liabilities. After understanding these figures, move on to the next step – noting down your goals. Enhancing this knowledge through finance courses online can be advantageous.

2. Set goals for yourself

Set long and short-term goals to gauge your financial progress. Goals can range from yearly savings targets to early credit card debt payoff. Tailor your goals to your needs and capabilities, ensuring they’re realistic yet challenging to boost motivation. Enhancing your goal-setting through online financial analysis courses can be beneficial.

3. Separate your needs from wants

You should know the difference between these two to become financially independent. Your ‘needs’ should only include the essentials directly affecting your quality of life, such as housing, transportation, etc. The rest of the expenses come under your ‘wants’.

4. Track your spending

An essential tip for financial independence is tracking your spending. Utilise a notebook or an Excel spreadsheet for this purpose. This critical step fosters accountability and unveils unnecessary impulse purchases. You’re paving a path towards financial freedom by maintaining control over spending. Incorporating lessons from online financial analysis courses can also provide valuable insights into managing your finances efficiently.

Financial Analyst course

5. Pay yourself first

Prioritise allocating funds to savings or investments before handling regular expenses. This may prompt lifestyle adjustments or a side hustle for financial balance. Acquiring insights from finance courses online can be beneficial.

6. Spend less

The adage, “money saved is money earned,” rings true even for saving a minimal amount. Achieving financial freedom involves smart spending without compromising life quality. For instance, opt for home-cooked meals over dining out daily.

7. Pay off your debt

Explore two debt repayment strategies: the snowball method, tackling the smallest debts first, or the avalanche method, targeting the highest interest debts initially. Determine what suits you, and consider enhancing your understanding through the finance courses online.

8. Create additional sources of income

For financial independence, explore beyond a 9-5 job. Consider active income, like freelancing, or passive income, such as selling e-books. Enhance your strategies with online financial analysis courses.

9. Invest

Invest as much as you can during the early years. Here, the power of compounding will assist in growing your investments. As your income increases, your investment should also increase. The rise in investment percentage should be greater than the percentage of income increment.

10. Learn how taxes work

Taxes are one thing you will pay for the rest of your life, and you may be paying huge amounts. So, you must know how they work. Understand your tax bracket and learn about ways to minimise your tax burden.

Key takeaway

To attain financial independence, you must have the financial knowledge to make the right financial decisions. Whether deciding on investment plans and side hustles or how to pay off your debts, you must educate yourself in finance to make these decisions.

That’s where Imarticus Learning can help. Imarticus Learning has collaborated with top institutions to offer the best online financial analysis courses. Visit Imarticus Learning now and check out these finance courses online.

Unravelling Capital Markets: Exploring a Fundamental Pillar of the Financial Landscape

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How crucial are stock and other financial markets to our world? These markets, bustling with large sums of money, are the engines of the global economy. 

For instance, in August 2023, Tradeweb Markets Inc., a key player in electronic marketplaces, reported a wild monthly trading volume of $33.0 trillion. This translates to $1.44 trillion traded daily, marking a 41.2% increase from the previous year, partly influenced by foreign exchange rate changes. In 2023, the total valuation of the global share market reached approximately $109 trillion!

This article unravels the complexities of capital markets, studying their roles, structures, and impacts on global economies and investors. It’s a journey through the evolving landscape of finance, marked by a constant drive for growth and innovation. Join us as we explore this vital financial ecosystem.

Understanding Capital Markets

Capital markets are directly related to economic growth, posing as a channel for efficient capital allocation. They facilitate the process of transferring funds from savers who have surplus funds to entities that require capital for productive activities. This crucial process, termed capital formation, is essential for economic progress. A World Bank report indicates that effective capital markets correlate with increased economic growth. This is because they facilitate improved allocation of resources and encourage investments in productive activities.

The stock market, one of the important components of capital markets, helps businesses to generate funds by issuing shares. In 2023, the estimated value of the global stock market reached approximately $112 trillion. The bond market, another crucial segment, deals with the trading of debt securities. The global bond market’s size was over $51 trillion, sowing how it grows.

There are two types of capital markets. Let’s understand in depth what they are so you know where you need to put your finances!

Types of Capital Markets – Primary vs Secondary 

Aspect Primary Market Secondary Market
Definition The primary market is where securities are initially issued and offered for sale for the first time. The secondary market is where investors trade previously issued securities.
Purpose The purpose is to raise new capital for companies, governments, or other entities. The purpose is to provide liquidity and a platform for trading existing securities.
Participants Issuers of securities (like companies doing an IPO), underwriters, and initial investors. Individual and institutional investors, brokers, dealers, and market makers.
Types of Securities Bonds, new stock shares, or other financial instruments. Existing bonds, stocks, and other financial instruments have already been issued.
Trading Venue Directly between the issuer and the investor, often with the help of underwriters or financial firms. Organised exchanges (like the NYSE and Nasdaq) or over-the-counter (OTC) markets.
Price Determination Prices are set before the sale based on valuation methods, demand, and underwriting processes. Prices are already determined by market forces, i.e., supply and demand in the market.
Frequency of Sale One-time event for each issuance. Continuous trading, as long as the market is open and the securities are in demand.
Regulatory Oversight Heavily regulated to ensure transparency and fairness in the issuance process. Regulated, but the focus is more on trading practices and ensuring a fair and orderly market.
Examples Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), new bond issues. Trading of stocks on the New York Stock Exchange, bonds on the secondary bond market, etc.

Studying Recent Trends and Market Activity

In 2023, the capital markets are witnessing an interplay of economic volatility and technological innovation. This year is defined by resilience in the face of global economic challenges and a transformative shift towards leveraging technology for enhanced market efficiency. The key trends that are shaping this industry include – 

  • Economic Instability and Resilience

2023 began with economic uncertainty, yet capital markets showed resilience. This resilience is reflective of the market’s adaptability to global economic shifts.

  • Regulatory Reforms for Growth

Various regions are implementing regulatory reforms to stimulate market growth. For example, the UK’s Edinburgh Reforms aim to enhance the competitiveness of financial services, potentially reducing transaction costs.

  • Embracing Technological Advancements

Capital markets are increasingly leveraging technology to manage profitability pressures. Investments in digital platforms and data analytics tools are becoming more prevalent.

  • Data Monetisation and Management

The focus on data quality and management is intensifying. Financial services are utilising technology to harness real-time data for better decision-making.

  • Diverse Regulatory Approaches Globally

Different countries are adopting contrasting regulatory approaches, influencing market dynamics. While some are loosening regulations to foster growth, others maintain stringent controls.

  • Impact on Investment Strategies

These trends are significantly influencing investor behaviour and strategies. The emphasis on agility and innovation is crucial for navigating the evolving economic and technological landscape.

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The Future of Capital Markets 

Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

AI and machine learning are set to change the face of financial markets by enhancing risk management and investment decision-making. These technologies enable the analysis of vast data sets, uncovering new investment opportunities and optimising portfolio management.

Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology

Blockchain’s decentralised nature promises increased transaction transparency, security, and efficiency. Smart contracts, enabled by blockchain, can automate agreements, reducing intermediary involvement and streamlining securities trading.

Fintech and Digitalization

The integration of fintech is reshaping capital markets, with online platforms, robo-advisors, and digital asset exchanges gaining popularity. These innovations democratise market access, allowing retail investors to participate more easily and diversify their portfolios.

Sustainable Finance

A growing focus on sustainability and ESG factors is influencing investor decision-making. Capital markets are adapting by offering more ESG-related investment opportunities and robust reporting frameworks.

Key Takeaway

The capital markets are undergoing a transformative phase, marked by technological advancements and a shift towards sustainable finance. The integration of AI, blockchain, and fintech is not just reshaping these markets but also redefining the way we invest and manage financial assets. The emphasis on ESG factors reflects a growing awareness of the need for responsible investing.

For those looking to navigate this evolving landscape, being up-to-date and upskilling yourself is crucial. Imarticus offers different programs designed to equip you with the knowledge needed to excel in the modern financial world. Whether you’re a seasoned professional or just starting out, their financial analyst course provides a financial certification along with valuable insights into the latest trends and technologies in capital markets.

The Future of Career in Financial Modelling : Expert View

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The Future of Career in Financial Modelling: Expert View

Do you dream of a career in financial modelling? Or do you want to improve your finance skills? Then you’re in the right place! Financial modelling is a top skill in finance, and its demand is growing. In this blog, we’ll talk about the exciting future of a career in financial modelling. Plus, we’ll give expert tips on how to succeed in this field. Let’s get started!

Financial Modelling – A Key Skill in Finance

Financial modelling is crucial for making smart financial decisions. It helps professionals study complex money situations, predict results and judge possible investments. As financial markets get more complex, skilled financial modellers are in high demand. A career in financial modelling opens doors to great job chances and growth in areas like investment banking, corporate finance, and private equity.

The Future of Financial Modelling

In the future, financial modelling will use more data-driven methods. It will advance with the help of data analytics, artificial intelligence and machine learning. These technologies will make financial models more accurate and efficient. This way, professionals can make smarter decisions and help their organisations succeed.

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Expert Tips to Succeed in Financial Modelling

Choose the Right Financial Modelling Course

To excel in financial modelling, you need the right knowledge and skills. A comprehensive financial modelling course, like Imarticus Learning’s Financial Analysis Prodegree, is perfect for you. This course covers key financial modelling topics, such as financial statement analysis, valuation techniques, and forecasting. It’s great for people who want to build or upgrade their finance careers.

Develop Strong Skills

For a successful career in financial modelling, you need strong technical and analytical skills. Master tools like Excel and programming languages like Python or R. Improve your analytical skills to understand complex financial data and make smart decisions.

Stay Updated with Industry Trends

It’s important to stay updated with industry trends and best practices. Read financial publications, attend conferences, and join webinars to stay informed. This will help you adapt to changes and stay ahead in your career.

Develop Soft Skills and Emotional Intelligence

Technical skills are important, but soft skills and emotional intelligence are also valuable. Good communication, teamwork, and problem-solving skills are crucial. Emotional intelligence helps you handle tough situations and build strong professional relationships.

Find Opportunities with Networking and Experience

Build Your Network for Job Opportunities

A strong professional network helps your financial modelling career. Connect with industry professionals, peers, and mentors for valuable resources, insights, and job opportunities. Attend networking events, join professional associations, and use social media to expand your network.

Gain Practical Experience

Real-world experience improves your financial modelling skills and your resume. Look for internships or entry-level finance positions to apply what you’ve learned from your financial modelling course. You can also work on personal projects or join case competitions to showcase your expertise.

Stay Passionate and Persistent

Success in financial modelling takes passion, persistence, and dedication. Stay motivated by setting clear goals and celebrating your wins. Embrace challenges, learn from mistakes, and keep a growth mindset to improve your skills and move forward in your career.

Boost Your Skills with Certifications

In addition to taking a financial modelling course, consider enhancing your profile with Finance certifications from recognized institutions. Certifications like the Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) or Financial Risk Manager (FRM) can showcase your commitment to the field and help you stand out in a competitive job market. Pursuing these certifications can also broaden your knowledge and improve your skill set, making you an even more attractive candidate for career opportunities.

Find a Mentor

A mentor can play a significant role in guiding you toward success in your financial modelling career. Look for experienced professionals in your network or industry who can provide valuable insights, advice, and support. Mentors can help you navigate challenges, develop essential skills, and set achievable career goals. Building a strong relationship with a mentor can also enhance your network, opening doors to new opportunities and professional connections.

Kickstart Your Career with Imarticus Learning

Are you ready for a thriving career in financial modelling? Imarticus Learning’s Financial Analysis Prodegree is the perfect starting point for your journey. This comprehensive program, designed for individuals looking to build or upskill their careers in finance, covers essential financial modelling concepts and techniques. Don’t wait – take the first step towards a rewarding career in financial modelling by enrolling in the Financial Analysis Prodegree today!

The future of a career in financial modelling is bright, with many opportunities for growth and success. By choosing the right financial modelling course, honing your skills, and staying current with industry trends, you can excel in this dynamic field. Follow expert advice, build a strong network, and remain passionate about your career to unlock your full potential in financial modelling.

Start your journey with Imarticus Learning’s Financial Analysis Prodegree and achieve your dreams in the world of finance.

A Beginner’s Guide to Financial Statement Analysis

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Financial statement analysis is an integral part of the world of finance. Amateurs may find it tricky and critical to deal with financial statements. It is extremely important for finance professionals to master the skill of financial statement analysis and financial modelling. The art of financial statement analysis is a mix of the right ideas, contents and tools. 

One should be equipped with the idea of what reports to analyse, determine various parameters and select the right tool for analysing. This is a brief guide that can make one understand the concept of financial statement analysis and how it works. However, a financial analysis course can help keen individuals to develop and understand a deep and insightful idea about financial statement analysis.

What is Financial Statement Analysis?

Financial statement analysis is the process by which the internal and external stakeholders of the company are able to take financial decisions and evaluate the performance of the business. It is a strong base regarding the financial decisions of an organisation. It allows concerned individuals to assess the overall financial health of a business and to evaluate the value of the same. 

Additionally, financial statement analysis is also used to monitor the management and catering of finance throughout the organisation. The analysis of financial statements helps stakeholders to understand what areas are yielding them profits and what are resulting in losses.

Objectives of Financial Statement Analysis

The major goal of financial statement analysis is to provide financial facts and data to the company for the decision-making process, assessing past and present performance and making predictions about the success or failure of the company.  Here are the main objectives of financial statement analysis:

  • Financial statement analysis is important to assess the current financial position of a company. Keeping a regular record of financial transactions helps the management to make better financial decisions.
  • Another objective of financial statement analysis is to identify and eliminate any discrepancies. Recording the income, expenditure, purchases and sales on a regular basis helps stakeholders to identify loopholes, if any.
  • To allow stakeholders to make better decisions in future is another goal of financial statement analysis. it provides facts and reliable information on the basis of which better financial decisions can be taken.
  • Financial statements are also analysed to lower the possibility of fraud in an organisation. By regular recording of financial statements people in a company will be aware that the management knows all of it which ultimately lowers the fraud percentage.

Types of Financial Statements

There are a few types of financial statements to provide transparency about the financial situation of a company. However, all the types of financial statements are interior linked and show different areas of finance. The three different types of financial statements are enumerated as follows:

Balance sheet

The balance sheet is a financial report that depicts the financial worth of a company on book value. It consists of three parameters namely organisational assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity. The concept is to equalise the acids and liabilities of a company to balance the shareholders’ equity. 

Cash and cash equivalents are short-term acids that showcase the operational efficiency and liquidity power of a company. The list of liabilities presents the dead capital of a company and its other expenses. Shareholders’ equity consists of investments in equity shares and related investments along with the income from net profit.

Income statement

The income statement is a financial report that measures the revenue of an organisation on one side and looks at the list of expenses on the other. It is also known as a profit and loss statement that gives a result as to whether a company has earned profits or made losses in a given period of time. Prophet margin helps businesses to understand whether they are incurring higher or lower operational costs.

Firstly, the income statement provides the gross profit analysing the revenue and direct costs. Secondly, it evaluates the operating profit by subtracting indirect expenses from gross profit. Lastly, the net income is calculated by detecting various taxes and interest from the operating profit. 

Cash flow statement

A cash flow statement is a financial report that provides the details of only the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents. The net profit is taken over to prepare a cash flow statement about various financial, operating and investment activities that are related to cash. 

Operation activities include the cash flow regarding the day-to-day activities of a company. Cashflow regarding investment activities includes all the inflow and outflow of cash concerning various investments. Financial activities include the list of cash flows related to equity and debt financing. The end report shows the amount of cash that remains with the company and will be carried forward to the next accounting year.

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Advantages of Financial Statement Analysis

Financial statement analysis helps businesses to grow and lower the chances of losses. The following are the major advantages of financial statement analysis:

  • It allows businesses to evaluate the earning capacity of a company and how it can increase its profitability.
  • The use of financial statement analysis makes it easier for companies to assess the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of the management.
  • Financial statement analysis also helps in evaluating the liquidity of an organisation. Liquidity means the ability of an organisation to pay back its current liabilities.
  • It helps to identify the new trends in the financial world and also determine what are the steps required to implement any changes in the organisation regarding financial situations.
  • Financial statements are documents that show the current financial position of a company. Hence, it is easier to attract new investors and funds by showing the analysis reports and proving the company’s value.

Conclusion

Financial statement analysis and financial modelling are interlinked, contributing to assessing the financial result of an organisation. It is important for active business persons to be very particular about financial statement analysis that includes various calculations related to financial ratios, determining profit and loss, preparing comparative statements and so on. 

If you want to start your journey as a finance professional and learn a detailed study of financial statement analysis, the Financial Analysis Prodegree In Collaboration With KPMG course by Imarticus can make your way through it. Sign up for the course to gain all insights about financial statement analysis and its related areas. 

Top 5 Finance Training Courses for Beginners

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Overview of the finance industry

The finance industry provides financial services to both corporations and people. The industry includes several sectors, such as banks, insurance companies, investment houses, money lenders, real estate brokers etc. Although large conglomerates dominate this sector, there is also a wide variety of smaller companies here.

Companies working in this industry manage money. For example, financial advisors manage assets and give financial advice to the client. When the finance sector is strong, the economy grows. Thus, the strength of this sector is crucial for the prosperity of companies and people. That’s why there is a rise in demand for finance training and placement activities today.

What are the services offered in the finance industry?

Individuals who have completed finance training and placement courses can be part of different finance sectors. The following are the four major types of services offered in this industry:

Banking services

Individuals working in this sector will help people qualify for a loan which they can borrow for a particular purpose. Or they will assist them by holding their money. People these days prefer to hold their money in bank accounts as they don’t want to worry about protecting their money by themselves. With the advancement of online technology in this sector, banking is one of the best ways to receive payment from employers. People also choose these services to pay others. For instance, paying electricity bills or paying at a restaurant for lunch.

Investment services

Everyone has their own financial goals. However, most people will not have the expertise to buy things like stocks. By completing a finance training and placement course, many people work as financial advisors or investment managers today. These people assist individuals in determining the right asset allocation. They help people prepare their retirement plans or save for their children’s education. They will advise how to use the money best and go further.

Tax and accounting services

Every individual in this country has to pay their taxes, and most of the time, the tax laws aren’t easy to understand. That’s where tax professionals come to the rescue. Having completed finance training and placement courses, they help people understand different tax laws and how much money they owe. They will also introduce people to laws and actions that will help them save money. Accounting professionals will assist people with keeping their money in order. They also help companies maintain their accounting records as required by the law.

Insurance services

Insurance professionals help people get life insurance to protect their loved ones in case something wrong happens. They can also assist in getting insurance on a car or house. People can also get access to better healthcare with their help.

Top 5 finance training courses

Below are the top 5 finance training courses that can equip individuals with the essential skills and knowledge needed to excel in the dynamic world of finance and investment.

Financial Accounting – Manipal Prolearn

This course will prepare individuals to analyse financial statements. Based on this analysis, they can provide advice on increasing company profits. This finance training and placement program will prepare people to solve real-world problems in the industry. They will be equipped with new skills such as maintaining subsidiary books, creating trial balances, etc. The course is offered by one of the best finance training institutes in India: Manipal Prolearn.

Duration: 8+ hours

Financial Modelling – IMS Pro School

This finance training and placement course will prepare professionals to analyse the company’s performance on different parameters based on its past data. This can also be used to build models reflecting the company’s future. Many key decisions, like project viability and price targets, are taken based on these analyses. Offered by one of the best finance training institutes in India, this certification is ideal for people pursuing a career in investment banking, mergers and acquisitions, etc.

Duration: 55 hours

International Financial Reporting Standards – AICPA

It is one of the top finance training and placement courses in India. It is provided by AICPA, which is amongst the best finance training institutes in India. With certification in this field, people can provide services to several industries. These include banking, auditing, insurance, pharma etc. People aspiring to reach great heights in their finance accounting career should choose this course.

Duration: 3-6 months

Certified Financial Planner – IMS Pro School

Again, provided by one of the best finance training institutes in India, this program is best for finance students. This globally recognised finance training and placement certification will equip you to assist people in securing their financial assets.

Duration: 1 year

Postgraduate Financial Analysis Program- Imarticus Learning

This certification will prepare individuals in the finance domain with skills such as financial statement analysis, modelling, equity research, etc. They will also be able to master Excel and PowerPoint. One of the best finance training institutes in India, Imarticus Learning believes in providing a hands-on learning experience. They use case studies and simulation tools to help students understand real-world business situations.

Duration: 8 months

Key takeaway

The finance industry in India is growing today. As the industry keeps evolving, the professionals working in the industry should also quickly adapt to these changes to succeed. Some of the best finance training institutes in India offer the courses mentioned above. For people interested in joining the postgraduate financial analysis program, visit Imarticus Learning now.

The Link Between Financial Analysis and Strategic Planning

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A complete view of financial analysis

Financial analysis is the process of evaluating the financial performance of a company. Then, companies use that information to make informed business decisions. It involves analysing the financial statements of the company to determine its financial health. Financial statements include income statements, cash flow statements, balance sheets etc. It can aid in the financial modelling process.

There are different tools and techniques available to determine the financial performance of the organisation. For example, trend analysis involves analysing financial data over time to recognise trends and patterns.

A complete view of strategic planning

Strategic planning is the process of determining the vision for the company’s future. It is where the business leaders identify the goals and objectives of the company. The process also involves establishing the sequence in which these goals have to be realised. This is to ensure that the company will eventually achieve its stated vision.

Strategic planning generally involves mid to long-term goals. The lifespan of these goals is typically 3-5 years. However, it can go longer. This is different from business planning which involves short-term goals. Companies conduct strategic planning periodically to address changes in business, industry and regulatory conditions.

The link between financial analysis and strategic planning

Financial analysis plays a crucial role in strategic planning. It provides the essential information required for the development of a strategic plan. The following are some of the ways financial analysis can contribute to the organisation’s strategic planning and boost business growth:

Assessing financial health

This is one of the key ways financial analysis is linked to strategic planning. Financial analysis tools can be used to identify the areas where the business is struggling financially. It can reveal business issues such as high debt, low profitability, poor cash flow etc. This information can be used to plan business strategies to address these issues. This way, companies can ensure that they have a strong financial foundation before establishing a new growth strategy.

Identifying growth opportunities

Apart from identifying the areas where businesses lack, financial analysis can also determine the potential growth opportunities of the company. For instance, companies can get an idea of business areas that are growing or declining via trend analysis. With the help of ratio analysis, they can learn about the areas where the company is performing better than its competition. Companies can take advantage of this information to develop strategies in order to explore growth opportunities. It can make use of the information to identify new product lines and markets to pursue.

Evaluating risk

Financial analysis can be used to evaluate the risk involved in different growth strategies. For example, if a company is venturing into a new market, companies can identify potential risks associated with that market using financial analysis. The risk factors can be in the form of regulatory issues, competition, economic conditions etc. With this information in hand, companies can develop strategies to avoid or reduce the impact of those risks. By doing this, companies can ensure that they will succeed by entering into the new market.

Allocating resources

Financial analysis can assist companies in the effective allocation of resources in order to achieve business objectives. For instance, a company is trying to expand its product line. They can identify profitable product lines through financial analysis. Plus, it will also give information about the product lines that may need additional investment to become profitable. Companies can make use of such information to accurately allocate resources and achieve growth strategies of the company.

Monitoring progress

Financial analysis can help with tracking and monitoring progress towards strategic objectives. Companies can track their progress towards achieving their business goals by analysing the financial data regularly. Then, based on the information drawn from this analysis, they can make the required adjustments. For instance, consider that a company is not meeting its profitability targets. Here, financial analysis can be used to identify areas where the costs can be cut. It will also give information about the business units where additional revenue can be generated. This way, companies can improve their profitability.

Key takeaway

Financial analysis involves analysing the financial performance of a company. Strategic planning is the process of determining company goals. Financial analysis plays a crucial role in strategic planning as important company decisions are made based on the information gained from financial analysis. The job role of a financial analyst is essential for every organisation. They have to be at the top of their game to analyse and improve organisational growth. That’s why Imarticus Learning provides a certified financial analyst course to polish the skills of these professionals.