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Too Many Data Scientists? Market Trends in 2025

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

Over the last decade, Data Scientists have been celebrated as the rockstars of the professional world. In fact, Harvard Business Review famously labelled it the “sexiest job of the 21st century.” But today, many are starting to ask: Are too many people becoming Data Scientists? Let’s dive deep into this pressing question by analysing the data science job market trends, the demand for data scientists, the future of data science careers, & the growing competition in data science jobs.

Understanding the Popularity Boom in Data Science

The explosive growth of data across industries has dramatically increased the demand for… skilled professionals who can interpret, analyse, & extract insights from this information. As a result, there has been a major surge in enrolments for data science courses worldwide, like the Postgraduate Program in Data Science & Analytics by Imarticus Learning.

Universities, bootcamps, & online programs have responded by flooding the market with newly trained professionals. But does this rapid influx mean that data science career opportunities are drying up? Let’s explore.

Data Science Job Market Trends: What the Numbers Say

To answer this, we need to look at data science job market trends. According to a recent LinkedIn report…data science roles have grown by over 650% since 2012. Companies across sectors—finance, healthcare, retail, & tech—continue to depend heavily on data-driven strategies.

However, there is also a growing nuance: while entry-level jobs are plenty, senior-level & niche specialisations are where the real competition lies. This shift is making many wonder: Is data science oversaturated?

Another important trend is the rising expectation for Data Scientists to possess hybrid skills—like domain expertise, strong communication skills, & a business mindset—in addition to technical prowess. This evolution is shaping the data science employment outlook.

If you want to dive deeper into how roles in data science & data analytics differ, check out this detailed blog on Data Science vs Data Analytics.

Is Data Science Oversaturated?

Now, let’s tackle the elephant in the room: Is data science oversaturated? The short answer is—it depends.

In some regions & for certain roles, there’s definitely a crowd. Entry-level positions, in particular…see stiff competition, especially among candidates who lack real-world experience or advanced technical skills.

But when you examine high-demand roles like machine learning engineers, deep learning specialists,… or data architects, the talent shortage still persists. Therefore-while the number of job seekers is increasing, the demand for data scientists with the right skills remains strong.

Moreover, the way industries are evolving ensures that the future of data science careers is far from bleak. From artificial intelligence to predictive analytics, new applications are emerging, widening the scope for trained professionals.

The Future of Data Science Careers

Speaking of the future, the future of data science careers looks incredibly dynamic. Emerging technologies like generative AI, blockchain, & IoT are creating new fields where Data Scientists will play a critical role.

Experts predict that the number of global data science & analytics jobs will hit 11 million by 2026. Fields like healthcare (personalised medicine), automotive (autonomous vehicles), & finance (fraud detection) are just a few areas experiencing rapid data transformation.

If you’re passionate about understanding how data is transforming industries, this blog on how data science is transforming modern businesses provides fascinating insights.

Thus, while competition might be rising, so are the data science career opportunities.

Competition in Data Science Jobs: Realities on the Ground

It’s important to realistically acknowledge the level of competition in data science jobs. With-more people entering the field, hiring managers are becoming increasingly selective.

Candidates today must demonstrate proficiency beyond theory: they must showcase real-world project experience, advanced problem-solving skills, & industry-specific knowledge. Certifications, specialisations, & continual upskilling are no longer optional—they are essential to standing out.

For example, building a portfolio showcasing projects across different industries (like e-commerce forecasting models or healthcare predictive analytics) is now a standard expectation for landing premium roles.

Furthermore, mastering critical data analytics skills is a major differentiator. If you’re unsure which skills are in demand, here’s a handy guide on data analytics skills for every professional.

Data Science Employment Outlook: Challenges & Opportunities

When looking at the data science employment outlook, the picture is a mixed bag—full of both challenges & opportunities.

On the one hand, automation is beginning to handle basic data tasks like cleaning & preliminary analysis. This change means that basic-level roles may shrink. On the other hand, high-value tasks such as model optimisation, strategic decision-making, & ethical AI development are becoming critical—and these need human intelligence.

Thus, Data Scientists who invest in lifelong learning & domain specialisation are poised to thrive. Programs like the Postgraduate Program in Data Science & Analytics by Imarticus Learning are designed specifically to help aspirants navigate this evolving landscape.

Demand for Data Scientists: Still Strong, But Evolving

Despite increased competition, the demand for data scientists is not slowing down anytime-soon. What’s changing is the type of demand.

Companies no longer want just data engineers or analysts;… they are looking for full-stack professionals who can manage end-to-end data projects—from wrangling datasets to communicating actionable insights to stakeholders.

Additionally, specialised knowledge in areas like natural language processing (NLP), computer vision, cloud computing, & MLOps is highly sought after.

This reality shows that while the answer to “Is data science oversaturated?” might be “yes” for generalist roles, there is still a significant unmet need for specialists.

If you want a quick & comprehensive video on this evolution, watch this insightful video on the future of data science.

Data Science Career Opportunities: Where to Look

If you’re planning a career in this field, you should know where the real data science career opportunities lie. As of 2025, some of the top industries hiring include:

  • Healthcare: Bioinformatics, medical imaging, & patient data analysis
  • Finance: Risk modelling, fraud detection, & customer insights
  • Retail & E-commerce: Demand forecasting, inventory management, & personalisation engines
  • Automotive: Autonomous driving systems & predictive maintenance
  • Energy: Smart grid management & sustainability analytics.
Data Scientists

In addition, government organisations & NGOs are increasingly seeking experts to tackle public policy challenges, climate change, & social welfare initiatives.

Thus, smart positioning & strategic upskilling are key to capitalising on upcoming data science job market trends.

FAQs

1. What are the current data science job market trends?

The data science job market trends show-strong growth in roles requiring AI, machine learning, & big data expertise… Specialised skills continue to be in high demand across industries.

2. Is data science oversaturated in 2025?

Though more people are entering the field, data science is not yet oversaturated… There is still demand for professionals… with specialised skills in AI, predictive analytics, & machine learning.

3. What is the future of data science careers?

The future of data science careers is bright,…with emerging technologies like blockchain, AI, & IoT creating new opportunities. Businesses will-continue to rely on data scientists for strategic decision-making.

4. How competitive is the demand for data scientists?

While the demand for data scientists remains strong, competition is rising… for real example Focusing on niche skills such as deep-learning or data engineering can help you stand out.

5. What is the data science employment outlook for 2025?

The data science employment outlook is positive for 2025. Industries like:-healthcare, finance, & e-commerce will keep hiring data scientists for… roles requiring both technical & business expertise.

6. How can I improve my chances in the competitive data science job market?

To succeed in the competitive data science job market, focus on gaining real-world experience, earning certifications, &… specialising in high-demand areas like machine learning or data visualisation…

7. What are the best data science career opportunities for 2025?

Top data science career opportunities in 2025 will be in AI, predictive analytics, &… automation-across sectors like healthcare, finance, & e-commerce.  Roles that integrate AI & big data will be in high-demand.

8. Is there still demand for data scientists despite the growing number of professionals?

Yes, the demand for data scientists remains strong… By specialising & staying current with industry trends, professionals can continue…to find great opportunities in the field.

Conclusion: Is Becoming a Data Scientist Still Worth It?

In conclusion, are too many people becoming Data Scientists? Maybe! But that’s not the real question you should be asking.

The more important question is: are you willing to continuously learn, adapt, & specialise in an ever-evolving landscape?

The future of data science careers… belongs to those who embrace complexity, commit to mastering both hard & soft skills, & focus on delivering measurable business impact. The data science employment outlook is still full of promise, but it favours the agile & the ambitious.

If you’re serious about carving out a successful path in this exciting field, investing in the right education—like the Postgraduate Program in Data Science & Analytics by Imarticus Learning—can make all the difference.

After all, the demand for data scientists who bring genuine value will always stay strong, no matter how crowded the field becomes.

How to Ace Your Investment Banking Interview After Training

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

Breaking into the finance industry isn’t just about completing a course. The real challenge? Cracking that investment banking interview.

If you’ve recently completed a structured programme—like the Certified Investment Banking Operations Program (CIBOP) by Imarticus Learning—you’re already ahead of the curve. But training is only half the game. The rest depends on how you present your skills, handle high-pressure questions, and align your story with the investment bank’s needs.

This guide walks you through a practical, realistic approach to help you land a banking job after training, using structured preparation, updated stats, and recruiter-backed insights.

Why Are Investment Banking Interviews So Competitive?

Let’s start with a reality check. According to eFinancialCareers, investment banks like Goldman Sachs receive over 300 applications for a single analyst role. That’s a selection rate of 0.3%.

Even for mid-tier banks, competition is stiff, with most entry-level roles drawing over 70 applicants. Combine that with the rise of AI-driven screenings like HireVue, and it’s clear—training alone isn’t enough anymore.

So, what makes you stand out?

Your ability to turn that training into relevant, business-ready outcomes is the differentiator.

Top 10 Investment Banking Interview Questions You Need to Know | Key Questions & Tips! 

Turn Training Into an Interview Edge

Programs like Imarticus Learning’s CIBOP aren’t just about technical skills. They’re designed to prepare you specifically for investment banking job preparation.

Key benefits that you can translate into your interview narrative:

  • Real-world simulations of trade settlements and risk management
  • Mock interviews with industry mentors from global banks
  • Access to a network of 1,000+ hiring partners and alumni currently working in investment banking

If you can clearly express the ROI of your training/programs in interviews, you’re no longer “just another applicant”—you’re a “ready-to-deploy asset”.

What Interviewers Are Actually Looking For

Banks have razor-sharp criteria. It’s just not enough to know the answers—you need to show them you understand the “why” behind each answer.

Here’s what they evaluate:

  1. Structured thinking under pressure
  2. Communication clarity – no jargon, only impact
  3. Commercial awareness – how you think like a banker, not a student
  4. Technical fluency – from accounting to risk to deal execution
  5. Behavioural maturity – teamwork, accountability, ethics

The 90-Second Pitch That Hooks Interviewers

This is where most candidates fumble. A strong opening answer sets the tone for the entire interview.

Use the S-F-F-F formula:

  • Start with what drew you to finance your personal story or personal reason
  • Frame how your training backed that interest
  • Focus on 2–3 relevant skills or projects
  • Finish with how you’re aligned with this role

Example:

“During the CIBOP program, I worked on a live simulation where I processed and reconciled a multi-currency trade. It helped me understand the risk controls behind post-trade operations. This experience, paired with my accounting fundamentals, makes me confident I can hit the ground running in a settlement operations analyst role.”

Table: Common Investment Banking Interview Questions & What They Reveal

Interview QuestionWhat It TestsHow to Prepare
Walk me through a DCFValuation understandingLearn drivers & assumptions
3 financial statementsIntegration skillsMap out a ₹100 depreciation
Pitch a stockMarket analysisFollow latest quarterly calls
What happens post-trade?Ops and risk logicKnow clearing, matching, fails
Biggest mistake you made?AccountabilityUse STAR method with real impact

5 Advanced Investment Banking Interview Tips

  1. Rehearse under time pressure
     Answer technical questions in under 90 seconds—banks want concise, not academic.
  2. Watch yourself on video
     Use platforms like HireVue to practice. Watch for filler words, body language, and structure.
  3. Build a market POV
    Know the latest RBI policies, G-sec yields, or a recent M&A deal involving the bank. Mentioning this creates peer-level rapport.
  4. Use numbers in behavioural answers
    Instead of “I helped streamline a report,” say “I reduced error rates by 30% through a VBA-based tracker during training.”
  5. Always ask a forward-looking question
    Interview ending? Ask: “How is the bank evolving post-settlement compliance with CSDR norms?”

A 4-Week Plan for Finance Job Interview Preparation

Week 1:

  • Review your training curriculum
  • Build a glossary of 50 must-know terms
  • Read 2 deal case studies

Week 2:

  • Start daily 30-min mock interviews (technical + behavioural)
  • Follow FT Markets and Bloomberg daily

Week 3:

  • Create flashcards for ratios, models, and accounting concepts
  • Record 5 mock HireVue answers

Week 4:

  • Analyse 3 bank investor presentations
  • Practise 1 live interview simulation with a friend or mentor
Investment Banking Interview

New Data Insight: Training + Targeted Prep = Real Placements

According to Imarticus Learning, 85% of students from the CIBOP programme secure job placements, many landing roles at firms like Morgan Stanley, State Street, and Societe Generale.

They don’t just teach you how the trade life cycle works—they simulate it. They don’t give you mock questions—they run actual mock interviews with banking veterans.

In short, it’s not just “education”—it’s industry alignment.

Optimised Featured Snippet: Top 5 Ways to Crack Investment Banking Interviews

  1. Structure every answer using STAR/CARL frameworks
  2. Master 10+ technicals like DCF, EBITDA, LBO, accretion-dilution
  3. Practise on HireVue or Zoom for video clarity and timing
  4. Follow up with thoughtful emails within 12 hours
  5. Use your training case studies to answer “real-world impact” questions

FAQs – Everything You Were Afraid to Ask

1. How long should I talk for the “Tell me about yourself” question?
 Keep it between 75–90 seconds. It’s not your autobiography—it’s your value pitch.

2. What’s the best way to prepare for technical interviews?
 Solve 2–3 modelling problems daily, use mock interviews, and explain concepts out loud to test clarity.

3. Should I mention the CIBOP programme during interviews?
 Yes, but not just the name—mention what you did, not just what you learnt.

4. How can I demonstrate commercial awareness?
 Mention a current economic trend (like RBI repo rate hikes) and its impact on investment decisions.

5. Is CFA Level 1 necessary for IB roles?
 It’s a bonus—not a necessity. If you’ve done a specialised IB training, that often weighs more.

7. Can I switch to the front office after doing ops training?
 Yes, many do. Just make sure you nail this role first and keep networking internally.

8. How important are certifications in the hiring decision?
 They help you get shortlisted. But interviews are about communication, fit, and clarity.

9. Should I memorise answers or improvise?
 Have a structure, not a script. Robots get rejected; thoughtful, structured speakers get offers.

10. How long before I hear back after an interview?
 Anywhere between 2–10 days. But always send a thank-you email within 12 hours.

Conclusion: Your Offer Letter Isn’t Luck—It’s Strategy

You’ve done the hard part—trained for the job. Now, apply a layer of targeted investment banking interview tips to that foundation and you’ve got a real shot.

Key Takeaways

  1. Training helps you qualify, preparation helps you convert.
  2. Structure wins: STAR, CARL, and pitch formulas matter.
  3. You’re not just answering questions—you’re positioning value.

What’s Next?

Explore the full details of Imarticus Learning’s Certified Investment Banking Operations Program—designed to take you from classroom to trading floor with a placement-first mindset.

You’ve got the knowledge. Now, go get the offer.

Developing Ethical Leadership: Challenges and Solutions

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

Ethical leadership means making choices based on fairness, honesty, and values — even when it’s tough or unpopular. The worth of ethical leadership goes beyond rules or names.

For the Indian startup, where heads sway not just from firms but groups, leading with ethical leadership means setting up faith—which is hard to earn and quick to lose. Studies show that teams led by ethical leadership see more joy at work, strong links with peers, and gains that hold for the long run.

What Is Ethical Leadership and Why Does It Matter Today?

Ethical leadership means respecting moral beliefs, shared values, and the rights and worth of others. It is closely linked to trust, truth, care, charm, and fairness.

The importance of ethical leadership goes beyond compliance or reputation. In the Indian context, where leaders influence not just companies but communities, ethical leadership means building trust—something that’s hard to earn.

Research shows that organisations led by ethical leaders see higher employee satisfaction, stronger stakeholder relationships, and more sustainable performance.

The Real-World Challenges in Developing Ethical Leadership

While the thought feels grand, ethical leadership does not come gift-wrapped. It’s shaped with time, tried through strain, and fixed through flubs. One of the most well-known trials is picking what brings cash or feels right. Think of a shop head who must meet sales goals — should they push the team to sell things customers don’t need?

In high-stress work areas, heads get praised for fast wins. This way of thought makes it tough to back long-run ethical leadership plans. In some work zones, bad acts go unseen or get praise. To speak out can feel like a risk. When teams don’t feel safe, it’s hard for heads — and their squads — to hold on to ethical leadership norms.

Ethical leadership means seeing and steering through tough moral paths. Leaders must make choices that match both firm values and what society expects. Ethical leaders build trust by being clear and open. When they keep things in the light, they help teams speak up, take charge, and share wins and faults with ease.

Solutions: How to Develop Ethical Leadership in Practice

Though these tests are real, we can build and grow ethical leadership.

Here’s how the team can help shift the scale:

  • When teams lay out and share their rules, heads gain a guide. Make ethics part of work reviews, team chats, and group goals.
  • Most lead courses look at plans and tasks but miss the point of rules. 
  • Heads must urge truce talks on ethics. The weekly team meets, name-free tips, and open doorways all help bring up doubts long before they grow too big.

This may seem like the clearest yet the most tough rule. Ethical leadership is not just big talk — it’s hard work. 

Ethical Leadership in India: A Cultural Perspective

In India, ethics in lead work holds more weight from home rules, kin biz ways, and one’s good name.

Here, a break from rules hits more than just the brand — it can spark a big row, make people quit, and draw checks from the law.

Still, we’ve seen bold, ethical leadership examples in many fields — from heads who would not risk data trust to HR leads who backed staff through hard times. These tales may not make the news, but they leave a mark.

Impact of Ethical Leadership on Key Organisational Metrics

Organisational MetricWithout Ethical LeadershipWith Ethical Leadership
Employee RetentionLow due to distrustHigh due to value alignment
Stakeholder TrustWeak and volatileStrong and stable
Decision-Making QualityShort-sighted and reactiveThoughtful and long-term
Brand PerceptionRisk of negative PRImproved public trust
Innovation CultureFear-drivenOpen and inclusive

Ethical Leadership Examples That Inspire

It’s easy to talk about rules in thought — but what do they look like in real life?

Ratan Tata, the former chief of Tata Group, consistently upheld honesty and integrity, often rejecting deals that conflicted with the group’s principles. A Bengaluru-based start-up also demonstrated ethical leadership by refunding users when their app failed, even though the law didn’t require it.

One of the best-known ethical leadership examples is the Tylenol cyanide case in the early ’80s. After cyanide-laced Tylenol capsules caused the deaths of seven people, investigators quickly established a clear link — all the victims had consumed the contaminated pills.

The heads at Johnson & Johnson moved fast. They pulled all Tylenol off the racks — 31 million jars, worth more than $100M — and froze all makes and ads. Though the cost was high, they chose to guard their users first and save lives.

These examples of ethical leadership show that being fair is not weak — it is strong, clear, and shows deep care. Be it a mid-rank boss in a fast-grown firm, a fresh grad, or a top executive in the world space — grasping the worth of ethical leadership is key.

Ethics is not just for HR or rules. It’s how you lead, how you pick, and how you build faith that stays!

Who Should Develop Ethical Leadership Skills?

All who lead or plan to lead a group, big or small, should build ethical leadership skills. This holds true for shop heads, school leads, start-up minds, HR pros, and even fresh graduates. In truth, any role that guides people, funds, or plans calls for such skills.

It helps you make fair calls, win trust, and deal with grey spots where right and wrong are hard to see. In firms where each step counts — and people look up to you — to show good sense and act with truth makes a big mark.

If you work with teams, serve customers, build deals, or lead change, you need these skills. To lead with care and class is not just good — it’s a must in our time.

Accelerate Your Leadership Growth with IIM Indore and Imarticus Learning

Step into the next phase of your career with the Accelerated General Management Programme for Aspiring Leaders, brought to you by Imarticus Learning in collaboration with IIM Indore. This six-month, high-force lead path blends live web learning with a strong on-site stay, giving a sound and smooth way to learn for those who work.

Built just for young and new heads, the course helps you hone your choice skills and lead traits. Learn from the famed staff of IIM Indore and top field pros who share real-world views in each class.

What makes this Accelerated General Management Programme stand out is the chance to join a live top-class with a famed field head, who gives first-hand tips on lead tests and how to steer through them well.

Enrol now with Imarticus Learning to begin your journey towards impactful, future-ready leadership.

FAQ

1. What is ethical leadership in a business setting?

Ethical leadership means making calls based on right, truth, and rules — even when it’s tough or not liked.

2. Why is ethical leadership important for Indian companies?

The worth of ethical leadership lies in setting up faith, keeping teams involved, and dodging long-run brand harm.

3. Can you give ethical leadership examples from India?

Yes. Firms like Tata Group and ethical fintech start-ups that prize user faith offer strong ethical leadership examples.

4. What are some key ethical leadership qualities?

Core ethical leadership qualities include truth, clear roles, rights, care, and open ways to act.

5. How can I develop ethical leadership as a skill?

Join a rules-based course, like those from Imarticus Learning, that uses casework and guide tips to build strong ethical thought.

6. What is the biggest challenge in leading ethically?

To weigh short-term goals with long-run rules is often the hardest part of ethical leadership.

7. Why is ethical leadership gaining more focus today?

With faith on edge and world shocks, the worth of ethical leadership is on the rise as teams seek heads who act with truth.

8. Can ethical leadership work in high-pressure sectors?

Yes — and in fact, tough jobs need it more. Heads with strong ethical leadership qualities can bear stress and still stick to rules.

Identifying and Preventing Common Types of Cyber Attacks

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

Have you ever seen a mail that did not feel right? It might look real, but it will ask for important facts or urge you to click some odd link. That’s how most hacks start — not with loud signs, but with a soft trick.

Modern connectivity has transformed cyberattacks into genuine threats that target users and businesses along with governmental institutions and technology corporations across India. Cybersecurity has evolved from being optional to becoming essential because both students who browse Wi-Fi networks and businesses which share files in the cloud need it.

To stay safe, it’s important to understand the answer to questions like ‘Which of the following is a type of cyber attack?’, how each one works, and how to guard against them. Whether you’re a tech enthusiast, a manager protecting your organisation, or a learner pursuing a cybersecurity course, this blog gives you real-world insights with practical knowledge, types of attacks in cyber security and expert-backed awareness.

What Are Cyber Attacks and Why Do They Happen?

A cyberattack takes place when someone carries out an unauthorised action against computer systems, putting the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of their data at risk. Digital attacks cause two major impacts: they interrupt business procedures and release private data and money and cause reputation damage.

The Most Common Types of Cyber Attacks Explained

Each of the types of cyber attacks comes with its own trick. 

Let’s break down the different types of cyber attacks with facts you can link to real life in India:

1. Phishing: The Hook That Catches Many

Phishing is one of the worst and most used hacks. The crook tricks the one who reads the mail or text to click links, send files, or give out facts — like bank or card info.

In India: In India, attackers often disguise themselves as banks or government services like the Income Tax Department, leading users to submit Aadhaar, PAN, or bank details.

How to stop: Check who sent the mail. Don’t click links you don’t trust. Use mail check tools and set two-step locks.

2. Ransomware: Pay Up or Lose All

Ransomware locks your files and asks for cash to give them back. This is one of the most financially damaging types of attacks in cyber security right now.

In India: Hackers hit health firms and local governments. Their tools got stuck, and work stopped for days.

How to stop: Back up your files. Run fresh updates. Don’t use files or apps from sites you don’t trust.

3. DDoS Attacks: Digital Blockades

A DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service) attack floods a server or website with traffic, causing it to crash or become unusable. This hack blocks sites and slows down work.

In India: E-commerce platforms and edtech portals in India have faced DDoS attacks during major sales or enrolment periods.

How to stop: Use tools made to stop DDoS. Use load tools like CDN to share the site’s load and keep it live.

4. Man-in-the-Middle: The One Who Hears It All

In these attacks, the hacker positions themselves between two parties (say, a user and a website) to intercept and possibly alter data in transit — all without the user knowing.

In India: These hacks hit users who use free Wi-Fi at cafes, train spots, or malls.

How to stop: Don’t use free Wi-Fi to do important work. Use safe links (HTTPS) or a VPN to protect your path.

5. SQL Injection: Code That Cuts Through

SQL injections target databases through insecure inputs — often on websites with login forms. Attackers inject malicious SQL code that lets them access or delete critical data.

In India: Indian edtech platforms and job portals with large user databases are often at risk if proper input validation isn’t enforced.

How to stop: Lock the code to prevent changes from the form. Test it and run scans on your site.

AttackWho It HitsBig RiskHow to Stay Safe
PhishingAll net usersLeak of facts, ID theftCheck links, use mail tools
RansomwareHealth, Govt, SMEsLoss of files, high costsBackups, safe apps
DDoSBig online sitesSite crashUse CDN, guard tools
MitMWi-Fi usersSpy on chats, data theftUse HTTPS, use VPN
SQL InjectionSites with loginsFile leaks or lossForm checks, safe code

Why Cybersecurity Awareness is Crucial in India Right Now

India is rapidly digitising — from startups to government portals — and with that comes a sharp rise in different types of cyber attacks. Out of the 1.39 million cybersecurity incidents that CERT-In addressed, the agency handled the highest number by mitigating vulnerable services, totalling 875,892 cases.

Whether you’re leading a company, freelancing, or just using digital tools daily, knowing which of the following is a type of cyber attack and how to guard against it is important.

More importantly, professionals who complete a certified cybersecurity course can tap into a growing job market — with roles like Security Analyst, Penetration Tester, and Cyber Risk Consultant seeing high demand.

Practical Tips to Prevent Common Cyber Attacks

  • Use strong, unique passwords and change them regularly
  • Turn on two-factor authentication wherever possible
  • Don’t reuse passwords across platforms
  • Update your devices and software as soon as updates are available
  • Back up your data on a secure, offline system
  • Educate your team or peers — awareness is the first line of defence

Advance Your Cybersecurity Leadership with Oxford and Imarticus Learning

Imarticus Learning, with Saïd Business School, University of Oxford, brings you the top-tier Oxford Cybersecurity for Business Leaders Programme — a hands-on course built for sharp minds. This high-grade course gives heads from all fields the tools and skills they need to deal with the hard risks of hacks and threats.

Trainees will learn Oxford’s tried and true cyber plan and use it to make smart steps to block top threats like scam mail, bad code, and lock hacks. The Oxford Cybersecurity for Business Leaders Programme runs on Oxford’s top web learning space, built to give a rich, smooth, and strong way to learn.

As you go on, you will join the Oxford Elumni group — a proud worldwide group of 36,000 participants from 176 countries, with the chance to meet and share at the Elumni yearly meet-up. Made for those who want to shape their group’s cyber goals, this course brings you side by side with peers from all walks of work and builds strong talks that help you grow a plan to win in the long run.

Enrol now to gain Oxford’s prestigious Elumni status and elevate your expertise with Imarticus Learning!

FAQs

  1. Which of the following is the type of cyber attack that hits most in India?

Phishing is one of the top types of attacks in cyber security, and it is most often emails from banks or government bodies.

  1. Can a cybersecurity course help with real-world threats?

Yes. A good cybersecurity course helps you spot, stop, and fix hacks with hands-on work and case tasks.

  1. Why is phishing one of the worst types of cyber attacks?

Phishing relies on human error & bypasses tech based safeguards. It spreads fast and often leads to major data breaches.

  1. Do small firms face different types of cyber-attacks?

Yes. Most small firms get hit with spam, file locks, and fake link hacks — all different types of cyber attacks.

  1. What is the best way to stop cyber hacks like these?

Learn the signs, use strong passcodes, and join a full cybersecurity course that teaches practical detection methods like network scanning.

         6. Is social engineering also a type of cyber attack?

Yes. In fact, social engineering is one of the most deceptive types of cyber attacks, as it tricks users into compromising their own security.

Fundamental Analysis: Evaluating Company Performance

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

In today’s business world, knowing what drives value matters. Every decision is backed by data, not emotions or noise. Fundamental analysis is one such method that works across sectors, especially in long-term investing.

To watch how companies behave in different market conditions, every analyst checks the fundamental analysis of stocks. This approach helps you look at a company’s profits, cash, debt, and growth plans. It works especially well for investors who don’t want to jump in and out of stocks every week.

If you’re serious about building the right skills, especially in business or finance, a general management programme can help. It’s a solid pick for learning real-world leadership and decision-making.

In this blog, let us look at what is fundamental analysis, compare it to technical analysis, and show you why learning this really matters for your investment journey.

What is fundamental analysis?

Fundamental analysis is the process of checking a company’s financial health by examining its earnings, balance sheet, cash flow, management team, and sector trends. It aims to determine a company’s real value compared with its current market price.

The key steps under this are:

  • Read financial statements, such as the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow.
  • Evaluate key ratios, such as P/E, P/B, and ROE.
  • Check the management team. Ask questions if the leadership is strong and experienced.
  • Study the sector and economic trends. Know if the company can stay competitive.

The importance of fundamental analysis

The reason why you should bother with this analysis is because stock prices don’t always match the true worth of a business.

A company might be doing genuinely well, but its stock price doesn’t reflect that yet. Or it can be the opposite: the company is struggling, but market-wise, they see higher prices. Fundamental analysis helps you spot these mismatches before anyone else does.

It’s also better suited for long-term investors. If you’re the kind who likes to understand what you’re buying and hold it for a while, this is your tool.

Fundamental analysis vs technical analysis

Fundamental analysis is different from technical analysis, which focuses on price patterns and trends rather than the business’s actual value. Fundamental analysis of stocks takes into account revenue growth, profits, debt, and more.

AspectFundamental AnalysisTechnical Analysis
FocusCompany value, earnings, cash flowPrice charts, trends, volume
Time HorizonMedium to long-termShort to medium-term
Tools UsedFinancial ratios, statements, or management reportsCharts, moving averages, indicators
Investor TypeValue and growth investorsTraders and swing-traders

So if you’re picking stocks like you’d pick a business to run, that is fundamental analysis. And if you’re buying and selling based on patterns and signals, that falls under technical. Some investors even use both.

Important ratios of fundamental analysis of stocks

Analysing the stocks needs a few basic formulas. Investors use them daily, such as:

  • Price-to-Earnings (P/E):
    • Price divided by earnings per share.
    • A high P/E might mean growth is expected, while a low P/E means undervaluation.
    • Formula: (Market Price per Share / Earnings per Share)
  • Return on Equity (ROE):
    • It reflects how well the business uses shareholder funds.
    • Formula: (Net Income / Shareholders’ Equity)
  • Debt-to-Equity:
    • Signals how leveraged the company is.
    • Formula: (Total Liabilities / Shareholder Equity)

For example, if you compare Company A with Company B side by side on the basis of their ratios, and you notice this chart:

RatioCompany ACompany B
P/E1528
ROE (%)14%6%
Debt/Equity0.41.8

It means Company A is cheaper, more profitable, and has lower debt than the other one.

Qualitative factors in fundamental analysis

Numbers tell one part of the story, but you must look beyond them:

  • Management quality to track records and honesty.
  • Industry trends, such as tech disruption or regulation shifts.
  • Competitive edge with a strong brand or unique products.
  • Risk factors like dependence on a few customers or rising commodity prices.

Watch: Fundamentals of stock analysis

Cash flow and balance sheet check

The cash flows do not lie. A business can show nice profits on paper, but if no money is actually coming in, that raises a concern. You should check:

Operating cash flow: Is money coming in from the core business, not just tricks or loans?

Free cash flow: After expenses, what is left?

Current ratio: Can they pay short-term bills?

Take this example to understand better:

YearOperating Cash FlowFree Cash FlowCapExCurrent Ratio
2022USD 600 millionUSD 250 millionUSD 350 million2.2
2023USD 550 millionUSD 220 millionUSD 330 million2.1
2024USD 500 millionUSD 150 millionUSD 350 million1.8

Here, the capital expenditure is staying high, but cash flow is dipping. It might create a problem next year.

Watch: Master cash flow analysis

Conclusion

If you want to make better investment decisions or even lead teams that do, then you need more than just market tips. You need a thorough understanding of how fundamental analysis works. You look at profit, debt, cash flow, and the people running the company. It helps you figure out if a business is healthy, growing, or at risk. 

Now, if you see yourself going beyond analysing stocks, maybe leading financial strategy or heading operations, you will need the right training. A professional course from Imarticus Learning can be your guide. You learn how to make smart calls under pressure, manage teams, and understand the numbers behind every decision.

This is how real careers in business leadership begin. It’s a step worth taking.

FAQs

  1. What is fundamental analysis, and why is it useful?

Fundamental analysis examines a company’s financials, ratios, industry and management to find its real value. It helps you make informed long-term investing decisions.

  1. How is the fundamental analysis of stocks different from technical analysis?

Fundamental analysis studies business value; technical analysis studies price movement over time. One for value, one for timing.

  1. Can beginners learn fundamental analysis effectively?

Yes, start with basic ratios like P/E and ROE, and then build up. Training programmes and guided courses help a lot.

  1. Do I need to use complex tools for analysis?

Not really. Use free annual reports, Excel/Sheets, and basic screeners. Advanced investors might use paid databases later.

  1. How often should you redo your fundamental analysis?

At least annually, when new earnings and reports are out. For fast-moving sectors like tech, quarterly reviews are smart.

  1. Is fundamental analysis useful for all stocks?

It is great for mature businesses with stable earnings. For startups or speculative firms, it’s harder to figure out. There, you should look more at growth metrics and team background.

Mastering Google Analytics: A Beginner’s Guide

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

The increasing connectedness of the world makes it important that brands actually know their audience.

Regardless of whether you are writing a blog or operating an online shop or initiating marketing campaigns, data is your greatest friend.

But mere possession of data is not sufficient. You should also learn how to interpret it, and that is where such tools as Google Analytics can come in handy. It is a free tool which assists you in monitoring and measuring what the users are doing when they are spending time on your platform. If you have no experience on Google Analytics or you are just new in the field, then you are at the correct place.

This beginner’s Google Analytics tutorial will help you get started quickly.

We’ll cover everything from setup to tracking events. And if you want to learn more about SEO, tracking campaigns, and making decisions based on data, check out the digital marketing course from Imarticus Learning—great for anyone looking to boost their marketing skills.

What is Google Analytics and Why Is It Important?

We can start this Google Analytics tutorial with first obtaining some degree of understanding of what this tool is and why it is important.

Google Analytics is a web service that record-keeps and reports on web traffic, client interaction, transformations, and so forth. Using real time and historical information, it assists you to address some key questions such as:

  • Where are my users coming from?
  • What content works best?
  • Which channels bring in the most conversions?
  • How do users interact with different parts of my site?

Google analytics may assist you in transferring your guess work to something based on facts and figures. 

Watch: Master Digital Marketing Analytics | Imarticus Learning Lectures

Google Analytics Setup Tutorial: Getting Started Step-by-Step

Google Analytics can seem intimidating, but it’s not that bad. Here’s a simple Google Analytics setup tutorial to get you going. 

1. Make a Google Analytics Account

  • Go to analytics.google.com
  • Log in with your normal Google account and set up a new property – that’s just your website or app.

2. Add the Tracking Code

  • Once you are set up you will be provided with a special tracking ID (looks like G-XXXXXXX).
  • Copy the code they provide to you and paste it onto the “ section of your site code.
  • Or use Google Tag Manager, in case you want more control.

3. Check If It’s Working

  • Go to the Realtime tool in Google Analytics.
  • Go to your site in a new tab and see whether you are shown among the active users.

4. Set Up Goals and Conversions

  • Go to the “Admin” section, then click on the “Goals”, and then on the “New Goal” tab.
  • Tell Google Analytics what is important to you, such as signups of newsletter or sales.

Google Analytics Event Tracking Tutorial: Going Beyond Page Views

Basic stuff like page views is only part of the story. What if you want to know how many people clicked a button, grabbed a file, or watched a video? That’s where event tracking comes in.

This part of the Google Analytics tutorial goes past those basic numbers and help you see how people *really* use your site thanks to event tracking.

What Is an Event in Google Analytics?

In the context of Google Analytics, an event is any user interaction that doesn’t necessarily trigger a page reload but is still meaningful for your business goals. These can include:

  • Clicking a CTA button (e.g., “Buy Now,” “Subscribe”)
  • Watching a video (such as a product explainer or testimonial)
  • Submitting a form (like a lead capture or registration form)
  • Downloading a file (e.g., PDFs, whitepapers, case studies)
  • Scrolling beyond a certain depth on a page

Events allow you to measure micro-conversions and engagement behaviors that are invisible to standard pageview tracking. Evidently, all this understanding is essential for optimizing UX, funnel progression, and conversion strategy.

How to Implement Event Tracking in GA4

There are two main ways to set up event tracking: you can do it manually by writing code or use Google Tag Manager (GTM) for a simpler setup. If you’re new to this or you’re a marketer, GTM is usually the better choice because it’s flexible and scales well with your needs. Here’s how to track events using GTM for Google Analytics 4 (GA4):

Event Tracking Tutorial with Google Tag Manager 

Here’s a step-by-step Google Analytics event tracking tutorial using GTM for GA4:

  1. Log in to Google Tag Manager
    Go to your GTM account and select the container for your website.
  2. Make a New Tag
    • Pick “Google Analytics: GA4 Event” as the tag type.
    • Pick or create a GA4 configuration tag using your Measurement ID.
  3. Define Event Parameters
    • Give your event a clear name, like form_submit or cta_click.
    • You can also add optional labels like event_category (e.g., “Videos”) or event_label (e.g., “Homepage Hero Video”).
  4. Set a Trigger
    • Select a trigger type such as “Click – All Elements” or “Form Submission.”
    • Add conditions to narrow down when the trigger should fire (like Click Text = ‘Download Brochure’).
  5. Preview and Debug
    • Use GTM’s Preview Mode to check if your tag is working.
  6. Publish Your Container
    Once everything is tested, publish the updates so you can start tracking event data in Google Analytics.

Installing event tracking will enable you to have even more information on the actions that are undertaken by site users. The little conversations can tell a lot when it comes to the effectiveness of your campaigns, what the users need, and where they stop. Ability to track events should be viewed as one of the basic skills for any beginners in Google analytics.

Watch: Riya Mishra Digital Marketing Alumni Student Speaks | Imarticus Learning Reviews | Success Story

Conclusion

Website analytics are no longer just something that you optionally need to know about, but it is paramount. Beginners can use tools such as Google Analytics to achieve powerful insights on user behavior that will help improve their content, campaigns and conversions.

This Google Analytics tutorial gives you a clear path to get started, from setup to event tracking and beyond. And if you’re serious about turning analytics into impact, enroll in the digital marketing course by Imarticus Learning. It’s your step toward mastering the full digital marketing toolkit—from analytics to advertising.

FAQs

1. What is the role of a Google Analytics tutorial?

Google Analytics tutorial helps you get a foundational understanding of the very useful tool. Using that, you’ll be able to track traffic to your site, user activity, conversion and the success of your marketing. 

2. How do I get started with Google Analytics?

Just sign up and effectively place the tracking code in your web page and get insights into user activities via the dashboard. 

3. What’s event tracking in Google Analytics?

Event tracking indicates the activity of users such as clicking links, watching videos or downloading files. You can go through Google Analytics event tracking tutorials to get a deeper understanding of working with event tracking in GA. 

4. Is Google Analytics free?

Yes! The basic model is without any cost and contains a lot of functionality in any business. The most recent one is Google Analytics 4 (GA4).

5. Do I need coding to use Google Analytics?

Simple usage does not require any coding skills. However, to monitor certain occurrences, you may require to adjust some HTML or use Google Tag Manager.

6. Are Google Analytics tutorials provided in a digital marketing course good?

Definitely! Imarticus Learning provides practical training on Google analytics, SEO, SEM among others.

Top 10 Advanced Excel Functions Every Analyst Should Know

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

If you have met any financial analyst, you might have heard them either swear by Excel or tell you how much time they spend on that software. Excel has evolved itself to be the go-to tool for analysts as it’s one of the best ones out there to handle large data sets, perform calculations (however complex they might be) and to even help with data visualisation. But many of us Excel novices may not think beyond the simple SUM or AVERAGE functions, Excel, however, is much more powerful than that. It can offer a whole range of advanced functions so that you can get deep insights and have lower errors.

You might be someone who just knows the basic Excel functions but are also aware of how powerful Excel is and the advance functions of Excel. 

If you want to get a deep dive into Excel skills, a financial analysis course could put you on the right track. But for now, let’s take a look at the top 10 advance functions of Excel.

Watch:  Data Scientist vs Data Analyst – Which Is Right For You? (2025) I Imarticus Learning

1. VLOOKUP and HLOOKUP

Let’s say you want to find a corresponding value in another column and you are dealing with a large dataset, what do you do? You can try to go for the VLOOKUP function. The function helps you look at a value of a vertical column and return a corresponding value from another column. Similarly, HLOOKUP works horizontally, looking through rows instead of columns.

These advanced excel functions will really help out when you are working on datasets. Here’s how VLOOKUP can be implemented:

VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

2. INDEX and MATCH

VLOOKUP is useful, but it has limitations. For example, you will be only able to search the first column. In such a situation, INDEX and MATCH, can help, which, in combination offer more flexibility.

  • INDEX provides the cell value from a specific row and column.
  • MATCH locates the value’s position in a row or column.

Here’s how to use them together:

INDEX(array, MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, 0))

3. SUMIFS and COUNTIFS

Let’s say you don’t want a total sum, but a sum or count value based on certain conditions, In such a situation, SUMIFS and COUNTIFS help a lot. SUMIF and COUNTIF functions can aid you by setting up multiple conditions to refine your analysis.

Here’s the SUMIFS formula:

SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, [criteria_range2, criteria2], …)

4. IF with AND / OR

The IF function is quite a popular one is excel, but if you combine it with AND or OR, it becomes more powerful and can now handle multiple conditions.

Here’s a formula using IF clubbed with AND:

=IF(AND(C2>=C4,C2<=C5),C6,C7)

This checks if the value in C2 is between the values in C4 and C5. If true, it returns C6; otherwise, it returns C7.

5. OFFSET with AVERAGE or SUM

The OFFSET function is another basic function, but when in combination, this becomes one of the advance functions in Excel. When you combine this function with advanced SUM function in Excel or the AVERAGE function, it lets you return a range of cells that’s a specified number of rows and columns.

Here’s the formula:

=SUM(B4:OFFSET(B4,0,E2-1))

By adjusting the value in E2, the number of cells included in the sum changes automatically.

6. CHOOSE

The CHOOSE function is a masterful decision-making tool  in financial models. The function lets you choose a value from several options. For example, let’s say you have  different revenue growth assumptions for the next year, then when you use the function CHOOSE you return the value of the selected assumption.

Here’s the formula:

=CHOOSE(choice, option1, option2, option3)


7. XNPV and XIRR

Since we started with how analysts still like Excel, we should know one of the crucial functions that they use, which is XNPV and XIRR. These functions help working with cash flow data and are largely used in fields like investment banking, FP&A, or equity research. When you are using these functions, you can apply specific dates to each individual cash flow, and as a result address any issue where cash flows don’t always occur at equal time intervals.

With XNPV and XIRR, you are also capable of calculating the present value or internal rate of return for irregular cash flows. This wouldn’t be possible if you are also sticking to using Excel’s basic functions.

Here’s the formula for XNPV:

=XNPV(discount_rate, cash_flows, dates)

8. SUMIF and COUNTIF

While you have read about SUMIFs, there is also another tool for a more specific role – which is the SUMIF function. If you want to add cells using a specific condition, then this function would be your go-to one. On the other hand, let’s say, you don’t want the sum but rather are looking to count the number of cells but based on a specific condition. In such a situation, COUNTIF should be the function to go for.. These functions are helpful for quickly summing or counting cells based on a single criterion.

Here’s the formula for COUNTIF:

=COUNTIF(D5:D12,”>=21″)

9. PMT

The PMT function is a great way of making periodic-based calculations, that is let’s say, calculating periodic payment for a loan, based on a fixed interest rate and loan term. 

Here’s the formula:

=PMT(rate, nper, pv, [fv], [type])

10. INDIRECT

The INDIRECT function is a great tool that can be used if you want to create dynamic references. With this function you can  reference a cell or range based on a text string. What that does is, it makes your formulas more flexible and adaptable to changes in the spreadsheet.

Here’s the formula:

=INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1])


Watch: Excel Tutorial | Beginner to Advanced – Part 1 I Imarticus Learning

Conclusion

Mastering the advance functions of Excel is actually essential for any analyst. Since you will be dealing with large datasets, you need to have flexible models. As an analyst, one of your goals would be to automate repetitive tasks so that you can focus more on strategic elements. If you want to get the most out of Excel and then you should try to get a professional certificate from Imarticus Learning and apply them in financial modelling and analysis.

FAQs

1. What are the most essential advanced Excel functions for analysts?
 If you want to go for financial analysis, there are some functions like VLOOKUP, INDEX/MATCH, SUMIFS, and PMT which are extremely important.

2. How does SUMIFS differ from SUMIF?
As a analyst, you might often use SUMIFS. This function is used so that you can also use multiple criteria while using it. On the other hand, SUMIF is limited to one condition.

3. What makes INDEX/MATCH more versatile than VLOOKUP?
Since specific data in large data sets can be difficult to track, INDEX/MATCH is one of the functions that will help you search any column. On the contrary, VLOOKUP aids you with the first column.

4. How do I handle errors in Excel?
 If you want to replace error messages, you can do so with the IFERROR function to replace error messages with a custom value.

5. What is the OFFSET function used for?
 OFFSET is an important tool for you to use as an analyst as it will help you  to create dynamic ranges. By creating these dynamic ranges, you make your formulas more flexible.

Understanding Python Objects: A Comprehensive Guide

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

If you’ve ever written even a single line of Python code, you’ve already worked with a Python object: whether you realized it or not.

Objects lie at the heart of Python programming, and give it the ability to be not only elegant in nature, but flexible in design. Right from data to functions to classes – Python considers them all as objects. 

But what does that exactly mean? And how does that affect how you work with the programming language? 

In this guide, let’s help you figure out exactly that. 

This will also serve as an important foundation before you embark on any data science course. 

What is a Python Object?

A very straightforward and yet powerful feature that is at the heart of the Python design is that everything is an object in Python. However, when you ask what is object in Python, then by very simple means it can be interpreted as follows:

A Python object is a container that bundles two essential components:

  • State: This refers to the data the object holds, often called attributes.
  • Behavior: These are the actions the object can perform, known as methods.

So, creating a variable in Python automatically creates an instance of a class. And that is precisely what a Python object is! 

Take this simple line of code:

x = 5

On the surface, it looks like x is just holding a number. But under the hood, x is a fully-formed Python object of the built-in int class. That means it comes with several built-in methods and properties you can use. For example:

print(x.bit_length())  # Output: 3

In this case., bit_length is a method of int class. The approach is to determine the number of bits necessary to effectively present the number in its form of binary representation. You can observe the fact how even the lowest-level entities of the world of programming, i.e. the variables, turn out to be the objects in Python under the hood.

This leads us to an important conceptual answer to the question, “Is Python object oriented?”

Let’s take a closer look at that question – is Python object oriented? 

Watch:#49 Python Tutorial for Beginners | Class and Object

Is Python Object-Oriented?

The simple answer is – yes, Python is object-oriented. 

The complex answer is – it’s object-oriented in its own unique, flexible way. Unlike some strictly object-oriented languages like Java or C++, Python supports multiple paradigms. These include procedural, functional, and object-oriented programming (OOP).

Because of this, it’s safe to say that Python is object-oriented, but not only that! 

What makes Python especially powerful is that OOP is built into its core. Here’s how:

  • You define and work with you own classes and objects.
  • You can reuse existing classes and use their code using inheritance. 
  • Your Python objects are capable of being private and hiding their internal state from the global environment through encapsulation. 
  • Your Python objects can have varied behaviors as per your context and the class they’re being used with, even if they share the same method name..

Here’s a quick OOP example:

class Car:

    def __init__(self, brand):

        self.brand = brand

    def drive(self):

        print(f”{self.brand} is driving!”)

my_car = Car(“Toyota”)

my_car.drive()  # Output: Toyota is driving!

In this case, my_car is a Python object of class Car. You’ve just built a mini data model using object-oriented principles!

Why Are Python Objects Important?

Python objects are important because they quite literally form the backbone of the language and everything you do based on it. 

  • All things are objects: Integers, lists, functions, modules, classes themselves are all objects.
  • Efficiency in memory: All objects are accessed through references, rather than through copies, which speeds up and makes memory efficient.
  • Customizability: through classes, you can specify the exact types of objects you wish to deal with, making it possible to write reusable, modular programs.

So, no matter your field of work. As long as you’re operating on Python, you are working with Python objects to manage complexity with ease! 


Watch: OOPs in Python | Understanding OOPs Concepts

Object Lifecycle in Python

Every object in Python has a lifecycle:

  1. Creation: when created out of a class.
  2. Usage: the calling of methods or accessing data.
  3. Destruction: the object is no longer being referred to and is cleaned-up by the garbage collector of Python.

Here’s a quick summary of the types of objects available in Python. 

TypeDescriptionExamplesUse Cases
Built-in ObjectsPredefined types provided by Python. Ready to use with built-in functionality.int, float, bool, str, list, dict, setArithmetic, text manipulation, data storage, iteration
User-defined ObjectsCustom objects created using class. Reflect complex or real-world structures.class Account, class ReportGeneratorModeling financial systems, data structures, AI models

Understanding this cycle helps you manage memory and debugging more effectively, especially when building larger applications.

Final Thoughts

The real power of Python appears when you begin doing more than writing scripts; you have to think in objects. Knowing the nature, behaviour, usage, as well as development of Python objects will not only better your skills as a coder, it will open the door to the world of highly proficient fields of work such as data analytics, automation, and financial analysis.

If you’re looking to expand your understanding and knowledge of Python, and see work on its real-world applications, check out the Postgraduate Financial Analysis Program. This state-of-the-art data science course, developed by Imarticus, provides you with the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge to get going in the world of data science! 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is a Python object and how is it different from a variable?

In Python, an object is an instance of a class which has attributes (data) and functions (methods). A variable is simply just a pointer of an object.

2. Is Python object-oriented or something else?

Python is object-oriented at its core, but differs from traditional object-oriented programming languages. Python is more flexible than them, in that it also supports alternative paradigms like procedural and functional. 

3. Are functions and classes also Python objects?

True, everything is an object in Python, even functions and even classes themselves. It is possible to pass them as arguments, or even in other functions by defining them.

4. How do I know which Python object I’m working with?

You can call the inbuilt function type() along with the object name to get the type of the object. So, type (41) will return class int, and so on. 

5. Why is understanding Python objects important in data science?

Data in Python is nearly always organized as an object – such as DataFrame in Pandas or Array in NumPy. An understanding of how Python works behind its objects enables you to create better, faster, and readable code.

Getting Started with Python: Installation and Setup

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

With Python everywhere, from Netflix recommendation systems to fraud detection systems in finance, it’s a tool that is fueling our tech-heavy world. It stands out in science, automation, and artificial intelligence; among other fields.

One particular reason for Python being liked across the spectrum is its easy to learn, uncomplicated syntax. Regardless of whether you want to analyze market trends, optimize business processes, or just explore coding a bit, Python is the best place to start.

On that note, before you get started writing your first Python program, there is the one most important preparation – getting Python installed and configured correctly on your system.

Not sure how to install Python? 

Let’s help you out! 

In this guide, we’ll walk you through exactly how to install Python on Windows, macOS, and Ubuntu, without any prerequisites. 

And if you’re planning to apply your skills in finance, analytics, or tech, you’re in luck because several state-of-the-art data science courses are designed to teach Python with hands-on, industry-relevant projects.

Let’s get your Python environment up and running!

How to Install Python on Windows

Here’s how you can install Python on Windows quickly and without any hassle:

  • Head to python.org/downloads
  • Download the latest Python 3.x release.
  • Run the installer, and don’t forget to check the box that says:

      “Add Python to PATH”
  • Choose “Install Now” and let it finish.

Alternatively, you could also use the MIcrosoft Store to install Python. This is a simpler method for personal devices, and ensures automatic updates for your Python installation. Just search for “Python” in the Store, install, and confirm with the following code on powershell. If python installation has been successful, you’ll see the version number:

python –version

Once you’ve installed Python on Windows, the next thing is to get an IDE, which is basically the environment on which you run your Python scripts. For starters, you can begin with visual code, using the following steps: 

  1. Install Visual Studio Code (VS Code):
  2. Add Python Support to VS Code:
    • Open VS Code
    • Go to Extensions (Ctrl+Shift+X)
    • Search for Python
    • Install the official extension by Microsoft
  3. Pick Your Python Interpreter:
    • Press Ctrl+Shift+P to open the Command Palette
    • Type “Python: Select Interpreter”
    • Choose the one labeled with the version you just installed

Finally, you have the Python installation and IDE set up completed in Windows. To verify this, run a basic program.  Open the terminal in VS Code (Ctrl + backtick or View > Terminal) and type:

python

You should see the Python prompt (>>>). Now try typing:

print(“Hello, Python!”)

You’ll see the string printed back on the console! You did it. You’re officially writing Python on Windows!

Now, let’s see how we can install Python in macOS.

Watch: Installing Python | Python Programming | Tutorials on Python – Imarticus. 

How to Install Python in Mac (macOS)

Installing Python on macOS is just as simple as how to install Python in Windows, but with a few mac-specific steps:

1. Start by check if Python is already installed. macOS often comes with Python 2.x pre-installed. For that, open terminal and type:

python3 –version

If you see a 3.x version, you may already have it.

2. Install Homebrew (If Needed)
If you want better control over versions, first install Homebrew.

3. Install Python via Homebrew
Once Homebrew is set up, type:

brew install python

4. Verify It Works

python3 –version

If you get the Python version printed, congratulations—you now have Python running on your Mac.

Now, let’s understand how to install Python in Ubuntu. 

How to Install Python Ubuntu (Linux)

Your Ubuntu OS comes preinstalled with Python. However, you need to ensure you have the altes installation in place. For that:. 

1. Update the List of Available Packages

Press Ctrl + Alt + T to get your Terminal on. Then, run the following command to refresh your package list. 

sudo apt update

This command fetches updates for your package manager without installing them yet.

2. Upgrade Existing Packages

Run the following command to upgrade your existing software:

sudo apt upgrade

This will bring all installed packages on your system up to date, reducing compatibility issues during the Python installation.

3. Install Python in Ubuntu

Now, you’re ready to install Python. Change the version number as per your requirement, in the example we’ve used version 3.10: 

sudo apt install python3.10

This way, you’ll quickly and seamlessly download and install the specified Python version on your. To check whether it has been done successfully, type:

python3.10 –version

You should now see a message displaying the installed version of Python.

With that, you have successfully learnt how to install Python on Ubuntu, along with installing Python on Mac and Windows. 

Watch: PYTHON for Beginners: Learn Python Programming from Scratch (Step-by-Step) | Module 01

Conclusion 

The installation process for Python is complete so now you can start learning its functions. But where should you begin?

Python serves as the perfect partner for people who want to analyze financial trends or forecast markets or begin a career in data science. It is essential to select a program which delivers Python education through practical real-world financial analysis applications in the industry.

This data science course teaches Python fundamentals through Python fundamentals and their application in finance-focused learning environments. Developed by Imarticus Learning, the course is for people who want to eventually build a solid career in data science and analytics, starting from the very foundations. 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What’s the quickest way to install Python in Windows?

Go to python.org and get the latest Windows installer. Don’t forget to check the “Add Python to PATH” radio button while installing. 

2. I have a Mac. How do I install Python without breaking the system version?

macOS usually comes with an older version of Python (usually Python 2.x) already installed. It’s wise to not clobber the system version, so install Python on Mac using Homebrew. Once you have Homebrew installed, you can simply run brew install python in Terminal. 

3. I am using Ubuntu. Is Python installed, or do I need to install it myself?

A majority of Ubuntu systems have Python installed in them. Nevertheless, in order to make sure that you have got the latest version installed, open the Terminal and type in sudo apt update and then sudo apt install python3.

5. Is Python reinstallation necessary if you change from Windows to Mac or Ubuntu?

Yes, Python installations are platform-specific. So, if you change OS, you will need to figure out how to re-install Python again. 

Employee Motivational Techniques: Reward Systems That Drive Results

Posted on by Imarticus Learning

Keeping employees motivated isn’t just a human resources checkbox. It’s one of the few things that consistently drives real business results. When people feel recognised, supported, and fairly rewarded, they tend to show up differently. They care more. They contribute more. And they stick around longer.

Still, motivation isn’t one-size-fits-all. What pushes one person forward might not work for the next. That’s where a properly and thoughtfully built system plays a role; one that is tested over time, and flexible enough to work across departments.

If you’re building leadership skills or managing teams, it helps to study how motivation works from a structural angle. A general management program can equip you with both people insights and business strategy; two things that often go hand-in-hand.

This article breaks down real-world reward systems that support employee motivation. It also includes ideas from employee motivation projects, techniques on how to motivate employees, and tested strategies that actually work.

What Makes Employee Motivation So Important?

Employee motivation is tied closely to output, morale, and retention. A motivated team is more likely to hit targets, communicate better, and adapt quickly during tough phases.

Here’s a quick look at what motivation really impacts:

Business AreaResult of High Motivation
ProductivityMore work done in less time
QualityBetter attention to detail
RetentionLess staff turnover
EngagementHigher participation in tasks and goals
Team CultureBetter peer support and collaboration

These aren’t just theory, because, multiple reports, like those from Gallup and Forbes, show that highly engaged employees outperform less motivated teams by large margins.

How to Motivate Employees Without Guessing

While there’s no universal formula, most successful organisations follow a few core principles when thinking about how to motivate employees:

  1. Start With Recognition
     People want their work to be seen. Even small, genuine appreciation can go a long way. A simple “Well done” in front of peers can matter more than monetary bonuses.
  2. Provide Growth Opportunities
     Motivated staff need somewhere to grow. Training, mentorship, or even cross-functional projects can give them a sense of progress.
  3. Offer Flexibility
     Work-life balance is no longer optional. Giving employees control over their time and space builds trust and reduces stress.
  4. Reward Fairly
     Fair doesn’t always mean equal. Tailor rewards to effort, role, and value—not just seniority.
  5. Listen Actively
     Most people know what they need to feel better at work. Asking the right questions, and acting on them, often solves more than any formal plan.

Building a Reward System That Doesn’t Feel Robotic

The best systems support motivation without forcing it. They create a rhythm of recognition that becomes part of company culture.

Sample Reward Categories

Reward TypeExample Activities
FinancialBonuses, pay rises, spot rewards
Non-financialRecognition programs, awards, shout-outs
Experience-basedTravel, event passes, sponsored learning
Growth-basedPromotions, new responsibilities, job shadowing
Time-relatedExtra leave, late starts, flexi-hours

These categories can be used in combination. For example, a high performer could receive a bonus alongside an extra day off and a team-wide appreciation note.

Watch: Mastering Marketing Strategy | IIM Indore CMO Program Overview | Imarticus Learning

Practical Employee Motivation Project Ideas

Sometimes theory needs structure. That’s where running an employee motivation project helps. These small-scale initiatives give teams a chance to test ideas and measure outcomes.

Here are a few examples:

  • Peer Recognition Wall: Set up a digital board where employees can post notes about colleagues who went the extra mile.
  • “Lunch & Learn” Series: Once a month, invite employees to host or attend short knowledge sessions over lunch.
  • Friday Wins Round-Up: Every Friday, run a 10-minute wrap-up where people share one personal or team success from the week.
  • Goal Buddy System: Pair up employees to keep each other accountable and celebrate wins, small or big.
  • Flexible Rewards Menu: Let employees pick their reward from a list—some might prefer vouchers, others a paid workshop.

A well-run employee motivation project becomes a base for longer-term strategies.

Measuring Motivation: What You Can and Should Track

Motivation can be tough to measure directly, but it does leave signs. Use both formal and informal tools to track how engaged your team really feels.

Indicators of Employee Motivation

IndicatorWhat It Suggests
Low absenteeismStaff enjoy coming to work
Participation ratesEmployees engage in meetings/events
Peer feedbackGood culture, mutual respect
Manager feedbackClear sense of progress or friction
Survey resultsHonest responses show trust or gaps

These indicators help tweak the reward system over time. No need for perfection because consistency and openness matter more.

Watch: Training Solutions for Corporates | Imarticus Learning

Common Mistakes When Trying to Motivate Staff

Good intentions don’t always work out. These missteps often backfire:

  • Using one-size-fits-all rewards
     Not everyone values the same perks. Offering variety is better than standardised points systems.
  • Focusing only on top performers
     Motivation dies when efforts go unnoticed. Spread recognition across the team.
  • Treating rewards as a replacement for leadership
     A good manager still needs to guide, coach, and support. Perks can’t fill that gap.
  • Relying only on money
     Financial rewards have limits. After a point, people need purpose more than pay.
  • Forgetting to review the system
     What worked last year may not work now. Keep things fresh and responsive.

How Technology Can Support Employee Motivation

Modern tools can help simplify rewards and feedback. While tech shouldn’t replace personal connection, it can make things smoother.

Here’s how companies are using tech:

  • Recognition apps – Platforms like Bonusly or Kudos allow public peer recognition.
  • Pulse surveys – Quick check-ins help measure mood without survey fatigue.
  • Gamification – Point systems or leaderboards can motivate through fun competition.
  • Custom dashboards – Track goals, progress, and rewards in one place.

Final Thoughts

Employee motivation needs consistency because it grows through small actions, thoughtful systems, and leaders who notice more than just deadlines. A well-designed reward program is one of the strongest tools any organisation can have, but only when it’s grounded in genuine care for people.

If you’re serious about improving your people management skills, it’s worth investing in a general management program from a trusted place like Imarticus Learning. These programs build both the soft skills and business understanding needed to lead with confidence.

After all, motivated employees are more than just productive. they’re also more present, more engaged, and more likely to stay. And that’s good business in every sense.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best way to start an employee motivation project?
Start small. Pick one or two test ideas, involve the team in planning, and set clear feedback loops. Measure impact before scaling.

How can managers learn how to motivate employees better?
Through training, feedback, and active listening. Courses like general management programs also offer structured learning on this topic.

Are financial rewards more effective than recognition?
Not always. While money matters, regular verbal or peer recognition can often drive deeper engagement, especially in the long run.

What is the role of leadership in employee motivation?
Leaders set the tone. Their behaviour, consistency, and support often matter more than the reward system itself.

How can technology support employee motivation?
Tools like recognition platforms and feedback apps can support consistent practices and increase visibility, but shouldn’t replace personal leadership.

What’s the difference between rewards and motivation?
Rewards are tools. Motivation is a feeling. The right rewards can support motivation, but they don’t replace meaningful work or relationships.

How often should companies review their motivation systems?
Ideally, every quarter. Gather feedback, check what’s working, and make updates based on team needs and feedback.