With the constantly changing business environment, the need to optimise financial resources should be emphasised. One of the most essential areas in which companies focus their efforts is working capital management (WCM).
Now, what is working capital management? In its simplest sense, WCM is about checking that a company has adequate cash to cover its immediate debts and requirements for short-term needs.
Nonetheless, working capital management is easier said than done, and more than conventional practices are needed to cope with the demands of the contemporary world. This is where Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Analytics come into play, reinventing WCM and offering more valuable tools to help businesses improve their decisions, productivity and revenue.
This blog will explore the importance of AI/analytics in working capital management and how it works.
Understanding the Importance of Working Capital Management
Working capital management relates to the activities of a firm concerning working capital; this involves managing the current assets and the current liabilities. Management thus helps a business enterprise to work efficiently and not to be plagued by liquidity problems while allowing it to utilise assets better to generate more revenues.
The key components of working capital are:
- Accounts Receivable: The money owed to a company by its customers.
- Accounts Payable: The money a company owes to its suppliers.
- Inventory Management: The process of managing stock levels, including raw materials and finished goods.
- Cash Flow: The inflow and outflow of cash used to run business operations.
If not well managed, working capital problems can result in companies facing cash deficits due to inadequate working capital, expensive debt, or delaying some essential payments. On the other hand, good WCM positively impacts a company by increasing its financial freedom and profitability and bonding with supplying and purchasing parties.
Proper WCM ensures liquidity and minimises the need for external financing. However, human error, inefficiencies, and slow processes often limit traditional methods. This is where AI and analytics come into play.
How AI/Analytics Transforms Working Capital Management?
The working capital is positively impacted by AI technology as it is capable of large data analysis, augmentation of patterns and automation of tasks. Here are the key areas where AI is driving improvements:
1. Predictive Analytics for Cash Flow Forecasting
One of the most difficult challenges for businesses is the estimation of future possible cash flows. Standard forecasting techniques can use assumptions fixed over time and data samples of a restricted number of years. This is made possible through advanced machine learning models that can comb through large volumes of data from several sources, including previous sales, current market trends, customer behaviours, and even fluctuations in the economy.
AI can predict the time of cash flow receipt or disbursement, which assists in forecasting the periods of cash deficits or excess. This lets them protect their cash by proactively chasing receivables, for example, renegotiating payment terms with their suppliers to find short-term funding or managing their inventory to ensure they do not crash.
2. Automation of Accounts Receivable and Payable
AI-powered automation tools are streamlining accounts receivable (AR) and accounts payable (AP) processes. It helps organisations reduce the spent in performing routine tasks such as preparing and issuing invoices, processing payments and managing collections. These systems can monitor aged accounts receivable, notify customers about past due balances, and sometimes propose a discount for early payment.
In the accounts payable, AI works can effectively schedule payments in such a way that it enhances the working capital. For example, AI can determine points in various contracts when a firm can hold off on its payments and not be penalised. Such repetitive work tends to be automated since it helps avoid human error, saves time and relieves the finance department with more innovative work.
3. Intelligent Inventory Management
Working capital management directly involves inventory management, hence the importance of efficient inventory management. With the help of AI-based solutions, companies can minimise the stock in the inventory list by tracking sales figures, demand patterns, and external factors like market changes or supply interruptions in real-time. This helps avoid overstocking, whereby the inventory unnecessarily consumes a lot of capital and understocks, where a company risks losing a lot of sales and or customer dissatisfaction.
Machine learning enables AI to learn from the sales patterns and trends of different seasons and make accurate stock requirements, thus minimising the costs of stocking and freeing up the working capital for other productive uses.
4. Dynamic Credit Risk Assessment
AI can improve how companies assess the creditworthiness of their customers. By analysing vast amounts of historical financial data, social media activities, and even external factors like industry performance, AI can offer real-time insights into the likelihood of a customer defaulting to payments. This allows businesses to make more informed decisions about providing credit terms, reducing the risk of bad debts.
Moreover, AI can monitor customer behaviour and flag any signs of deteriorating financial health, allowing companies to adjust their payment terms or increase follow-ups to ensure timely collections.
Advanced Analytics in Working Capital Decision-Making
Artificial intelligence’s ability to analyse and interpret vast datasets in real-time is complemented by advanced analytics, which enables businesses to make more data-driven decisions about their working capital.
Here are the three main types of analytics used in WCM:
1. Descriptive Analytics
Descriptive analytics focuses on understanding past financial performance by analysing historical data. It helps businesses identify patterns and trends in their cash flow, inventory turnover and payment cycles. This historical perspective provides a foundation for improving future WCM practices.
2. Predictive Analytics
As mentioned earlier, predictive analytics involves forecasting future financial scenarios based on past data and real-time insights. Businesses can use predictive models to anticipate demand shifts, market changes and customer payment behaviours, helping them make proactive decisions to optimise working capital.
3. Prescriptive Analytics
Prescriptive analytics takes the process one step further by offering recommendations on what actions to take based on the data analysis. For example, prescriptive analytics suggest adjusting supplier payment terms, altering customer credit limits, or optimising inventory levels. This type of analytics empowers businesses to make data-driven decisions that directly improve working capital efficiency.
Conclusion
Looking ahead, AI’s role in WCM will only grow. The future will likely see more advanced AI applications, including the integration of blockchain for secure, transparent financial transactions and AI-driven decision-making tools designed specifically for CFOs. These tools will provide real-time insights and recommendations, helping finance leaders make more strategic decisions faster.
As businesses continue to adopt AI, the objectives of working capital management will become more automated, precise and data-driven. Thus, having proper expertise in this regard is important.
If you are someone looking to learn and scale up your knowledge of working capital management, accounting courses like PGFAM might be just for you!
Imarticus Learning offers a 100% job-assured Postgraduate Program in Financial Accounting and Management. Tailoured for commerce graduates with up to 3 years of experience or individuals from an arts background looking to transition into the finance sector, this comprehensive program is designed to accelerate your career growth.
Whether you're starting or making a career shift, this program is your pathway to success in the world of finance.
