{"id":247455,"date":"2022-06-21T11:58:10","date_gmt":"2022-06-21T11:58:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/?p=247455"},"modified":"2024-04-10T09:50:44","modified_gmt":"2024-04-10T09:50:44","slug":"a-quick-guide-to-master-ratio-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/a-quick-guide-to-master-ratio-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"A Quick Guide To Master Ratio Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1><strong>A Quick Guide To Master Ratio Analysis<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial statements contain financial data about a company. Ratio analysis is the key tool used to analyze and interpret the financial data of a company. If you want to work as a financial analyst, this is one of the most important tools to have in your repertoire. Company shareholders, business analysts, and other stakeholders use ratio analysis extensively to interpret financial data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial ratio analysis is a quantitative tool to understand the company\u2019s financial position, cash flows, long-term trends, and capital structure decisions as it impacts its profitability, leverage, and the market price of the company\u2019s share price. Chartered Financial Analysis course gives you an in-depth understanding of Financial Statement Analysis. If you are pursuing a CFA course in India, you can do a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/financial-analysis-prodegree\/\">financial analyst\u2019s course online<\/a><\/strong> at <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/imarticus.org\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>An Overview of Financial Ratio Analysis<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calculated ratios can be fractions, number of times, ratios, or percentages. The key presumption is that data contained in the financial statements is accurate for ratio analysis to deliver an accurate picture of the company\u2019s financial health. Also, a relationship between the numbers is essential when comparing two accounting numbers. Moreover, a company\u2019s ratio analysis alone is not enough; you have to analyze its peers to do an inter-firm comparison and an industry analysis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Accounting ratios are classified into:<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Solvency ratios<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liquidity ratios<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Activity or turnover ratios<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Profitability ratios<\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liquidity ratios\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These ratios measure the company\u2019s short-term solvency and its ability to meet its short-term obligations in the form of short-term bank loans and payables. It examines how quickly its short-term assets are converted into cash. This determines the company\u2019s ability to meet its short-term obligations.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Ratios under this include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Current ratio (current assets \/ current liabilities)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quick ratio (cash + short-term investments accounts receivable)\/ Current liabilities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cash ratio (cash and cash equivalents) \/ Current liabilities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Working capital cycle: <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inventory days + receivable days \u2013 payable days<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Solvency ratios<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These ratios measure the company\u2019s ability to repay its long-term liabilities. It also analyses the efficacy of the capital structure decision and measures the total amount of debt capital compared to the equity capital in the company. It analyses whether the earnings and cash flows are sufficient to repay the principal of its borrowed capital and make interest payments.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ratios under this category include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debt to total assets: Total debt (short term + long term) \/ total assets<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debit to capital : Total debt (short-term debt + long-term debt) \/ (debt + equity + reserves)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debt\/Equity: Total debt (short-term debt + long-term debt) \/ (equity + reserves)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interest Coverage Ratio: Earnings before interest, depreciation and amortization, and taxes\/interest<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Profitability ratios<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These ratios measure the company\u2019s ability to generate profits against sales, operating costs, total assets, and the company\u2019s equity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ratios under this metric include the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gross profit margin: Gross profit \/ net sales revenue<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Operating profit margin: Operating profit \/ net sales revenue<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pre-tax profit margin: Earnings before interest, depreciation, amortization, and taxes \/ net sales revenue<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Net income: Net profit \/ net sales revenue<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Return on assets: Net profit \/ total assets<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Return on equity : Net profit \/ equity<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The Chartered Financial Analysis course<\/strong> gives you an in-depth understanding of Financial Statement Analysis. If you are pursuing a <strong>CFA course in India<\/strong>, you can do a financial analyst\u2019s course online at <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/imarticus.org\/<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Turnover ratios<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: These ratios analyze how long it takes to convert accounts receivable and company inventory into cash. Ratios under this category include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Receivables turnover ratio: Accounts receivable \/ sales<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Days receivable: Number of days in a year\/accounts receivable turnover<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inventory turnover: Cost of goods sold \/ inventory turnover<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Days inventory: Number of days in a year\/inventory turnover<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accounts payable turnover: Accounts payable \/ purchases<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Days payable: No. of days in a year\/accounts payable turnover<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cash conversion: Receivable days + inventory days \u2013 payable days<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asset turnover days: Total assets\/sales<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fixed assets turnover: Total fixed assets\/ sales<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equity turnover : Total sales \/ equity<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DuPont ROE analysis: Net profit\/ sales x sales\/total assets x total assets\/ shareholders equity<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Business risk<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Business risk is analyzed by operating leverage, financial leverage, and total leverage<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Operating leverage = % change in net profit to % change in sales<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Financial leverage = % change in the net income to % change in EBITDA<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Total leverage is a product of operating leverage and financial leverage<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Per-share ratios include<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earnings per share= Net profit \/ total number of outstanding shares of the equity capital of the company<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dividend per share = Total dividend paid \/ total number of outstanding shares of the equity capital of the company<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Price to earnings = Market price of the share\/earnings per share<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Price to book value = Market price per share\/book value per share<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bid-Ask spread = Difference between the highest price the buyer is willing to pay for the share compared to the lowest price the seller is willing to sell.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These are key ratios used to analyze a company. Most ratios are interlinked and have to be looked at cohesively. A Chartered Financial Analysis course gives you an in-depth understanding of a Financial Statement Analysis using ratio analysis.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Visit website<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0to learn more. Contact us through chat support, or drive to our training centers in <a href=\"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/mumbai\/\">Mumbai<\/a>, Thane, <a href=\"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/pune\/\">Pune<\/a>, Chennai, <a href=\"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/bangalore\/\">Bengaluru<\/a>, Delhi, and <a href=\"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/gurgaon\/\">Gurgaon<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Quick Guide To Master Ratio Analysis Financial statements contain financial data about a company. Ratio analysis is the key tool used to analyze and interpret the financial data of a company. If you want to work as a financial analyst, this is one of the most important tools to have in your repertoire. Company [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":245762,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_mo_disable_npp":"","_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[173],"class_list":["post-247455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-finance","tag-financial-analyst-course"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"modified_by":"Imarticus Learning","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247455","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=247455"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247455\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":263385,"href":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/247455\/revisions\/263385"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/245762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=247455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=247455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/imarticus.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=247455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}